Cardiovascular

Question 1

Learning objective 1
Describe the basic structure and function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Learning objective 1

Question 2

Cardiovascular system: overview
consists of what?
Heart works to pump blood throughout the ____
Vessels cantain blood which carry nutrients and oxygen to cells and Remove __________ and waste from cells

Answer 2

• blood, blood vessels, and heart
• body
• carbon dioxide

Question 3

Learning objective 2
- Describe the general Functions of blood

Question 4

What is the blood components:

Answer 4

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Plasma

Question 5

What is the percentage of plasma, Buffy coat, and erythrocytes?

Answer 5

55% plasma
- water, proteins, electrolytes and gasses
1% Buffy coat
- platelets and leukocytes
45% Erythrocytes

Question 6

__________: Transport respiratory gases in the blood

Answer 6

Erythrocytes

Question 7

_________ defend against pathogens

Answer 7

Leukocytes

Question 8

________ help form clots to prevent blood loss

Answer 8

Platelets

Question 9

________ fluid portion of blood that contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes

Answer 9

Plasma

Question 10

What is the function of blood?
__________: carries oxygen from lungs and co2
__________: leukocytes and plasma protein and platelets
__________: body temp, pH, balance

Answer 10

Transportation
Protection
and regulation of body conditions

Question 11

Learning objective 3:
Differentiate among the three primary types of blood vessels

Answer 11

Learning objective 3
Differentiate among the three primary types of blood vessels

Question 12

What types of blood vessels are there

Answer 12

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 13

_________ carry blood away from the heart
________ carry blood back to the heart:
________ site of exchange

what vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Answer 13

arteries
veins
capillaries

arteries - oxygenated
veins - deoxygenated

Question 14

what blood vessels has the thickest wall, biggest lumen, and smallest size, respectively

Answer 14

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 15

Why is there varicose veins near the legs?

Answer 15

Blood retreat to heart veins must work against gravity. Muscle contraction can act as pumps to help blood return to the heart. Veins can also contain tiny valves that open as blood flows toward the heart, then close to stop blood from flowing backward. If these valves are damaged, blood can flow backward and pull, causing the veins to stretch and twist.

Question 16

Learning objective 4
Describe the general structure and function of the heart, the great vessels, and pericardium

Question 17

Where is the Apex and bases of the heart?
Where does the base of the heart lead into more the left or the right lung?

Answer 17

• The Apex is located at the sternal angle where the rib intersex
• the base is located near this xiphoid process of the sternum
• it is located in the left lung

Question 18

_________ mediastinum:
Aorta
Trachea
Esophagus
Thyroid
Superior vena cava

Answer 18

superior mediastinum

Question 19

What is located at the Anterior mediastinum?

Answer 19

• Mediastinal fat and thymus
• sternum

Question 20

What is located at the middle mediastinum?

Answer 20

Heart and pericardium

Question 21

What are the three layers of the pericardium?

Answer 21

Fibrous pericardium: outermost layer that attaches to diaphragm and base of aorta, and pulmonary trunk

Parietal layer of serous pericardium: attaches to fibrous pericardium

Visceral layer of serous pericardium: attaches directly to heart

Question 21

What is located at the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 21

Pericardium to thoracic vertebra T4-T12

Question 22

The two layers are continuous and separated by _________ cavity which contains serous fluid

Answer 22

Pericardial cavity