Cardiovascular Flashcards
Learning objective 1
Describe the basic structure and function of the cardiovascular system
Learning objective 1
Cardiovascular system: overview
consists of what?
Heart works to pump blood throughout the ____
Vessels cantain blood which carry nutrients and oxygen to cells and Remove __________ and waste from cells
- blood, blood vessels, and heart
- body
- carbon dioxide
Learning objective 2
- Describe the general Functions of blood
What is the blood components:
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Plasma
What is the percentage of plasma, Buffy coat, and erythrocytes?
55% plasma
- water, proteins, electrolytes and gasses
1% Buffy coat
- platelets and leukocytes
45% Erythrocytes
__________: Transport respiratory gases in the blood
Erythrocytes
_________ defend against pathogens
Leukocytes
________ help form clots to prevent blood loss
Platelets
________ fluid portion of blood that contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes
Plasma
What is the function of blood?
__________: carries oxygen from lungs and co2
__________: leukocytes and plasma protein and platelets
__________: body temp, pH, balance
Transportation
Protection
and regulation of body conditions
Learning objective 3:
Differentiate among the three primary types of blood vessels
Learning objective 3
Differentiate among the three primary types of blood vessels
What types of blood vessels are there
arteries
veins
capillaries
_________ carry blood away from the heart
________ carry blood back to the heart:
________ site of exchange
what vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
arteries
veins
capillaries
arteries - oxygenated
veins - deoxygenated
what blood vessels has the thickest wall, biggest lumen, and smallest size, respectively
arteries, veins, capillaries
Why is there varicose veins near the legs?
Blood retreat to heart veins must work against gravity. Muscle contraction can act as pumps to help blood return to the heart. Veins can also contain tiny valves that open as blood flows toward the heart, then close to stop blood from flowing backward. If these valves are damaged, blood can flow backward and pull, causing the veins to stretch and twist.
Learning objective 4
Describe the general structure and function of the heart, the great vessels, and pericardium
Where is the Apex and bases of the heart?
Where does the base of the heart lead into more the left or the right lung?
- The Apex is located at the sternal angle where the rib intersex
- the base is located near this xiphoid process of the sternum
- it is located in the left lung
_________ mediastinum:
Aorta
Trachea
Esophagus
Thyroid
Superior vena cava
superior mediastinum
What is located at the Anterior mediastinum?
- Mediastinal fat and thymus
- sternum
What is located at the middle mediastinum?
Heart and pericardium
What are the three layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium: outermost layer that attaches to diaphragm and base of aorta, and pulmonary trunk
Parietal layer of serous pericardium: attaches to fibrous pericardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium: attaches directly to heart
What is located at the posterior mediastinum?
Pericardium to thoracic vertebra T4-T12
The two layers are continuous and separated by _________ cavity which contains serous fluid
Pericardial cavity
