Anatomy of skin and derivatives Flashcards
Surface ectoderm forms _____
Epidermis
study these
study these
Somites form
dermis
_______ from lateral plate mesoderm
hypodermis
_______ make the dermis (muscles, bone of vertebral column and base of the skull)
Somites
________ _______ (ec): makes the epidermis
Epidermal ectoderm
Neural crest ectoderm: makes
Merkel cells, pacinian cells, messier cells, nerve and nerve endings, and melanocytes
________ gives rise to dermis and muscles
- the sales migrate along the somatic wall and into limbs
Dermomyotome
migration of ________ and spinal nerves, are reflected in sensory innovation patterns
desmosome
What is the structure of skin epidermidis?
Corneocytes
Dead layer
Keratinocytes
Basement membrane
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
The_______is an elastic layer of cells and extracellular matrix derived from ectoderm that is continually being regenerated.
Theepidermisis an elastic layer of cells and extracellular matrix derived from ectoderm that is continually being regenerated.
Corneocytes
Flattened dead Keratinocytes in the outer layer of the epidermis – a protective layer continually worn away of shed
Dead layer = Stratum _______ or “Horny layer”
Stratum corneum
_________ - the main cells of the epidermis
Keratinocytes
______________. New Keratinocytes continually are shoved towards the surface. As they move, the gradually die, desiccate and become flattened.
basement membrane
________ - cells producing pigment eumelanin that protects against UV radiation
Melanocytes
_______ cells - tissue resident Macrophage immune cells; LCs used to be considered dendritic cells
langerhans cells
_______ cells - associated with afferent nerve endings
Merkel cells
What are the five epidermal layers?
Stratum corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, and and basale
“Corny Ladies Get Some Boys”
“Corny Ladies Get Some Boys”
Breaking it down:
Corny: Stratum Corneum
Ladies: Stratum Lucidum
Get: Stratum Granulosum
Some: Stratum Spinosum
Boys: Stratum Basale
________ ________ (LG), our specialized lips continue phosphoglycerides, sphinxmyelin, and glucosylceramides essential in barrier formation and resisting desquamation
Lamellar Granules -
What is the actively dying cells of the squamous epithelium?
Where are the cells located in the Epidermal layers
Lamellar granule - located in the startum granulosum
________ our specialized and highly ordered membrane domains that mediate cell cell contact and strong adhesion
Desmosomes
______ produced by _______ in epidermis determines the pigmentation of skin
- Melanin produced by melanocytes
-
Results in pigmented lesions, and the lesions originate in the epidermis
Neoplasm of melanocytes
________ transfer of melanin to keratinocytes
Melanosome
_______ - inhibits the melanosome transfer
Niacinamide
Vitamin C, mechanism of action
Answer: inhibits the action of the enzyme tyrosinase
Melanosomes are cytoplasmic organelles that result from the fusion of vesicles containing tyrosinase and vesicles containing structural tyrosine melanosomal proteins,
________ cells are macrophages embedded in epidermis that forming network of cells across the epidermis, but retain the ability to migrate from the epidermis to draining lymph nodes
Langerhans cells
___________ (LCH) is a proliferation of abnormal osteocytes, infiltrating, multiple body parts, including the bones, skin, and nervous system
- the bones they cause fractures deformities
- and the skin that cause rashes, discolored lesions or even bleeding ulcers
- in the central nervous system, they caused neurological deficits like poor coordination
Histiocytosis of Langerhans cells
can Merkel cell carcinoma kill you
yes
What is your skin hair and nails made of?
Keratin
The dermis is rich in fibroblast producing ________ & ________
collagen and fibronectin
____________ (FN) is required for normal collagen, organization, and deposition by fibroblast
Fibronectin
Fibroblast and Fibronectin play a critical role in normal _______ healing
wound healing
Structures contained in the dermis
- Hair follicles
- Glands associated with hair
- Glands emptying onto skin surface
- nerve ending associated cells
- fibroblast, producing collagen
- Hair follicle
Lined with epithelium, arrestor pili muscle
- What are the glands associated with hair?
- Apocrine sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Glands emptying onto skin surface
- Eccrine
- Merocrine sweat glands
Nerve ending-associated cells
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Meissner corpuscles
- Vasculature
- Fibroblasts producing collagen
What are the layers of the skin?
Dermis and hypodermis
Is the epidermidis part of the dermis
The epidermis is on top of the dermis, but they are not together
What makes up the dermis?
Papillary layer - loose CT
Reticular layer - Dense irregular CT
_________ AKA superficial fascia, sbucataneous tissue
Is composed of Fatty (Camper’s) Layer and Adipose CT
Hypodermis
What is the most inferior layer of the thin skin?
Membranous Fascia
What are functions of different receptors?
Pain, cold, touch, pressure and heat
The Meissner’s corpuscle in ________ papilla
Dermal papilla also contains blood vessels and lymphatics
______ cells - our slow adapting McKenna receptors for touch sensation, found among basal keratinocytes in areas of high, tactile sensitivity, such as the lips, digits, oral cavity, and hair follicles
Merkel cells
________ corpuscle - consist of a cutaneous nerve, ending responsible for transmitting, the sensations of fine, discriminative, touch, and vibrations
Meissner corpuscles
_________ Corpuscles - are that serves as mechanic receptors sensitive to vibration and pressure and are crucial for proprioception. Deep dermis.
- Pacinian corpuscle
What type of sweat glands are there?
- Eccrine (merocrine sweat glands
- Apocrine Sweat glands
This typical Sweat gland is embedded in the dermis, secreted skin surface
Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands
This sweat gland is embedded in hypodermis; Secrete to hair follicles, particularly in the groin and armpits
Apocrine sweat glands
Sweat glands have how many units and what are their names
two units
Excretory unit (duct) - transport of product; water/salt. Reabsorption occurs in the duct.
Secretory unity - secretion of water, salts, and a minor amount of protein, fats, some urea
Eccrine or Apocrine - stratified, cuboid or small lumen
Eccrine
Eccrine or Apocrine - simple, cuboidal, large lemon
Apocrine
________ hair: protect skin and scalp from sunburn. Shaft, cross-section, diameter determines texture.
terminal hair
Sebaceous and apocrine glands dump their products into _______ and _______ hair follicles
Velus and terminal hair follicles
_______ hair (peach fuzz): Fine, short hairs lacking a medulla.
- Helps regulate body temperature and provides protection
Vellus Hair
________ hair: longer and hair with medulla
Terminal Hair: Longer hair with medulla
What is the hair follicle cycle?
From Anagen to catagen, telogen and exogen
What are the layers in hair?
- A central medulla, or core (not found in velus)
- Cortex: Keratinized
- Cuticle: outer highly keratinized thin hard layer
- Internal root sheath
- External root sheath
- Glass basement membrane
- Dermal Papilla
__________ - red or yellow hair
__________ - Brown or black hair
Pheomelanin
Eumelanins
which is the inner vs outer root sheath
Terminal anlagen hair:
- Pink inner root sheath with nucleate cells
- Constrasts with the outer tooth sheath (nucleated)
Name the list from outer to inner layers
- CT sheath
- External root sheath
- internal root sheath
- Hair shaft cuticle
- Hair shaft cortex
- Hair shaft medulla
the nail - __________
modified fused hairs
nail matrix
nail bed
hyponychium
Paronychium
