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Chemistry > Introduction into Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction into Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term hydrocarbon.

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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2
Q

True or False?

The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.

A

True.

The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule

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3
Q

Define the term general formula.

A

The general formula shows a ratio of atoms in a family of compounds in terms of ‘n’ where n is a varying whole number.

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3
Q

Define the term homologous series.

A

A homologous series is a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to having the same functional group.

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4
Q

True or False?

A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series.

A

True.

A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series

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5
Q

Define the term displayed formula.

A

The displayed formula shows the spatial arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.

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6
Q

True or False?

CH3CH2CH2OH is an example of a structural formula.

A

True:

CH3CH2CH2OH is an example of a structural formula as it gives enough information to make the structure clearly.

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7
Q

Give two characteristics of a homologous series.

A

All members of a homologous series have:

The same general formula

Same functional group

Similar chemical properties

A clear trend in their physical properties

The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2

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8
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

The functional group of an alcohol is R-OH

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9
Q

True of False?

The alkene functional group is represented by C-C.

A

False.

The alkene functional group is represented by C=C

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10
Q

Define the term isomer?

A

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae.

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11
Q

True or False?

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is an isomer of CH3(CH2)3CH3

A

False.

CH3(CH2)3CH3 is the condensed structural formula of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.

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12
Q

True or False?

CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH.

A

True.

CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH as the OH group has moved from the middle carbon atom to the end carbon atom.

The molecular formula is the same.

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13
Q

What does the prefix tell you in the name of a molecule?

A

The prefix tells you the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the compound.

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14
Q

What does the suffix tell you in the name of a molecule?

A

The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound

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15
Q

How many carbon atoms are in a carbon chain if the prefix is prop-.

A

There are three carbon atoms in the carbon chain if the prefix is prop-.

16
Q

What is the name of this compound?

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

A

The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH is butan(-1-)ol.

17
Q

What is the name of this compound?

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

A

The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is pentane.

18
Q

Give the formula of methylamine.

A

The formula of methylamine is CH3NH2.

18
Q

What is the name of the this compound?

CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2

A

The name of CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2 is hex(-1-)ene.

18
Q

True or False?

The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl methanoate.

A

False.

The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl ethanoate.

There two carbon atoms highlighted (in bold) come from the carboxylic acid used to form the ester.

18
Q

What is the name of this compound?

CH3CH2COOH

A

The name of CH3CH2COOH is propanoic acid.

19
Q

True or False?

An amine functional group is represented by -NH3.

A

False.

The amine group is represented by -NH2.

The N atom is bonded to a carbon atom in the chain so only bonds to two hydrogen atoms.

20
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A substitution reaction is where one functional group is replaced by another.

21
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

An addition reaction is where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products.

22
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

A combustion reaction is where an organic substance reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide if incomplete combustion) and water.

23
Q

What is the symbol equation for the addition reaction of ethene with bromine?

A

The symbol equation for the addition reaction of ethene with bromine is:

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

24
Q

What is the symbol equation for the substitution reaction of methane with bromine?

A

The symbol equation for the substitution reaction of methane with bromine is:

CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr

25
Q

True or False?

In a combustion reaction with an unlimited oxygen supply, the products are carbon dioxide and water.

A

True.

If there is an unlimited supply of air/oxygen, the products of a combustion reaction are carbon dioxide and water (complete combustion).

26
Q

What is the symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of methane forming carbon monoxide and water?

A

The symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of methane is:

CH4 + 3 over 2O2 → CO + 2H2O

27
Q

Define the term complete combustion.

A

Complete combustion is a combustion reaction where there is an unlimited supply of air/oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as products.

28
Q

Define the term incomplete combustion.

A

Incomplete combustion is a combustion reaction where there is a limited supply of air/oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, carbon / soot and water as products.

29
Q

True or False?

In an addition reaction, smaller molecules combine to form one larger molecule along with other products.

A

False.

An addition reaction takes place when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products.

Chemistry (17 decks)

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