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Chemistry > Crude Oil > Flashcards

Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

True or False?

Each fraction in crude oil consists of groups of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths.

A

True.

Each fraction in crude oil consists of groups of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths.

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3
Q

Define fractional distillation.

A

Fractional distillation is the process of separating the different fractions of crude oil based on their boiling points.

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4
Q

True or False?

The size and length of each hydrocarbon molecule determines which fraction it will be separated into.

A

True.

The size and length of each hydrocarbon molecule determines which fraction it will be separated into.

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5
Q

True or False?

As you move up a fractionating column, the temperature increases.

A

False.

As you move up a fractionating column, the temperature decreases.

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6
Q

What happens to the viscosity of a liquid as the number of carbon atoms increases?

A

As the number of carbon atoms increases, the viscosity of the liquid increases.

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7
Q

What happens to the volatility of a hydrocarbon liquid as the molecular size increases?

A

As the molecular size increases, the volatility of a hydrocarbon liquid decreases.

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8
Q

Define the term viscosity.

A

Viscosity is the ease of flow of a liquid.

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9
Q

What is the use of liquefied petroleum gas?

A

Liquefied petroleum gas is used for domestic heating & cooking.

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10
Q

True or False?

Kerosene is used as jet fuel.

A

True.

Kerosene is used as jet fuel (paraffin).

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11
Q

What is diesel used for?

A

Diesel is used in diesel engines (gas oil).

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12
Q

Give a use of heavy fuel oil.

A

Heavy fuel oil is used for ships & power stations.

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13
Q

Which fraction is used to surface roads?

A

The fraction used for surfacing roads is bitumen.

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14
Q

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

The products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water.

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15
Q

Define incomplete combustion.

A

Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn the fuel completely.

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16
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

The products of incomplete combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon (soot) and water.

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17
Q

True or False?

Carbon dioxide is not a pollutant causing global warming and climate change.

A

False.

Carbon dioxide is a pollutant causing global warming and climate change.

18
Q

How does carbon monoxide cause harm?

A

Carbon monoxide binds well to haemoglobin, preventing it from binding to oxygen and transporting oxygen to organs.

19
Q

Name one place that incomplete combustion can occur.

A

Incomplete combustion occurs in some appliances such as:

Boilers

Stoves

Internal combustion engines

20
Q

What is the symbol equation for the complete combustion of propane?

A

The symbol equation for the complete combustion of propane is:

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

21
Q

Balance the following symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of ethane.

C2H6 + O2 → CO + H2O

A

The balanced symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of ethane is:

C2H6 + 2.5O2 → 2CO + 3H2O

22
Q

Name three gases that the burning of fossil fuels releases.

A

Three gases that the burning of fossil fuels releases:

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Oxides of nitrogen

Oxides of sulfur

23
Q

Where are nitrogen oxides formed?

A

Nitrogen oxides are formed in the high pressure and temperature conditions of internal combustion engines and blast furnaces.

24
Q

State the equation for sulfur being oxidised to sulfur dioxide.

A

The equation for the oxidation of sulfur is:

S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)

25
Q

How is acid rain formed from nitrogen and sulfur oxides?

A

Acid rain is formed by nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rainwater to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid, respectively.

26
Q

What are two harmful effects of sulfur dioxide?

A

Harmful effects of sulfur dioxide include:

Acid rain

Corrosion of buildings and structures

Damage to aquatic organisms

Damage to plant life

Respiratory problems

27
Q

How do catalytic converters work?

A

Catalytic converters contain transition metal catalysts that convert pollutant gases to less harmful substances through redox reactions.

28
Q

Name the two gases that contribute to acid rain.

A

Two gases that contribute to acid rain are nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

28
Q

State the equation for nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) being reduced to nitrogen and oxygen.

A

The equations for the reduction of nitrogen oxides are:

2NO → N2 + O2

2NO2 → N2 + 2O2

29
Q

How is sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of fossil fuels?

A

During combustion, the sulfur impurities in the fossil fuels get oxidised / react with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide.

30
Q

Write an equation to show the formation of acid rain, H2SO4 (aq), from sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen.

A

The equation to show the formation of acid rain, H2SO4 (aq), from sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen is:

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) → 2H2SO4 (aq)

31
Q

What is the purpose of cracking?

A

The purpose of cracking is to convert surplus unwanted fractions of crude oil, such as kerosene and diesel oil, into more useful fractions like petrol (gasoline), alkenes, and hydrogen.

32
Q

True or False?

The demand for certain fractions outstrips the supply, which is why cracking is necessary.What are the two methods used for cracking alkanes?

A

True.

The demand for certain fractions outstrips the supply, which is why cracking is necessary to convert surplus unwanted fractions into more useful ones.

32
Q

True or False?

Cracking is an exothermic reaction

A

False.

Cracking is an endothermic reaction.

33
Q

What is the equation for the cracking of decane to produce octane and ethene?

A

The equation for the cracking of decane to produce octane and ethene is:

C10H22 → C8H18 + C2H4

34
Q

True or False?

Alkanes are saturated compounds, and alkenes are unsaturated compounds.

A

True.

Alkanes are saturated compounds, and alkenes are unsaturated compounds.

35
Q

Name the catalyst used in catalytic cracking.

A

The catalyst used in catalytic cracking is:

Alumina / aluminium oxide / Al2O3
OR

Silica / silicon dioxide / SiO2

36
Q

True or False?

Cracking is a type of substitution reaction.

A

False:

Cracking is a type of thermal decomposition reaction.

37
Q

True or False?

Long chain fractions are in high supply but in low demand.

A

True.

Long chain fractions are in high supply but in low demand.

This explains why they are cracked into more useful, shorter chain alkanes and alkenes.

38
Q

Name a longer chain fraction of crude oil.

A

Examples of longer chain fractions of crude oil are:

Fuel oil

Bitumen

Chemistry (17 decks)

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