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Chemistry > Acids, Bases & Salt Preparations > Flashcards

Acids, Bases & Salt Preparations Flashcards

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1
Q

State what is meant by an ionic compound.

A

An ionic compound consists of a giant lattice of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions.

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2
Q

True or False?

Sodium carbonate is soluble.

A

True.

Sodium carbonate is soluble.

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3
Q

True or False?

Compounds of potassium are soluble.

A

True.

Compounds of potassium are soluble.

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4
Q

True or False?

Compounds of sodium are insoluble.

A

False.

Compounds of sodium are soluble.

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5
Q

Define the term insoluble.

A

Insoluble means the substance is unable to dissolve in a solvent, usually water.

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6
Q

Give three examples of insoluble sulfates.

A

Three examples of insoluble sulfates are:

barium sulfate

calcium sulfate

lead(II) sulfate

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7
Q

True or False?

All nitrates are insoluble.

A

False.

All nitrates are soluble.

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7
Q

Give an example of a soluble hydroxide.

A

Examples of soluble hydroxides include:

sodium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide

calcium hydroxide

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7
Q

Give the chemical name for limewater.

A

The chemical name for limewater is calcium hydroxide.

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8
Q

True or False?

Silver chloride is soluble.

A

False.

Silver chloride is insoluble.

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9
Q

True or False?

All ionic compounds are soluble in water.

A

False.

Not all ionic compounds are soluble in water, some are insoluble.

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10
Q

Define the term acid.

A

An acid is a proton donor.

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11
Q

What does an acid do in solution?

A

In solution, an acid ionises, producing protons (H+ ions), making the solution acidic.

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12
Q

Define the term base (alkali).

A

A base (alkali) is a proton acceptor.

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13
Q

What does a base (alkali) do in solution?

A

In solution, a base ionises, producing hydroxide ions (OH-) which can accept protons, making the solution alkaline.

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14
Q

True or False?

Acids and bases are involved in proton transfer.

A

True.

Acids and bases are involved in proton transfer.

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15
Q

What makes an aqueous solution acidic?

A

An aqueous solution becomes acidic due to the presence of protons (H+ ions) released by acids.

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16
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with an acid?

A

The general equation for the reaction between a metal and acid is:

metal + acid ⟶ salt + hydrogen

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17
Q

True or False?

All metals react with dilute acids.

A

False.

Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.

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18
Q

State the general equation for the reaction of an acid with a base.

A

The general equation for the reaction between an acid and a base is:

acid + base ⟶ salt + water

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19
Q

Define the term neutralisation.

A

A neutralisation reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

20
Q

True or False?

Effervescence is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide or hydroxide.

A

False.

Effervescence is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, due to the formation of carbon dioxide gas.

21
Q

Name the products formed from the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

A

The products formed from the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are sodium chloride and water.

22
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction of a metal carbonate with an acid?

A

The general equation for the reaction of a metal carbonate with an acid is:

metal carbonate + acid ⟶ salt + carbon dioxide + water

23
Q

What determines the identity of the salt produced in an acid-base neutralisation reaction?

A

The identity of the salt produced depends on the acid used and the positive ions in the base.

24
Q

Write the word equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid.

A

The word equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid is:

sodium carbonate + sulfuric acid ⟶ sodium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

25
Q

What substances act as bases in acid-base reactions?

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates act as bases in acid-base reactions.

26
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

A base that is water-soluble is referred to as an alkali. All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.

27
Q

What is the pH range for alkalis?

A

Alkalis have pH values above 7.

28
Q

What are the common forms of bases?

A

Bases are usually oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates of metals.

29
Q

What happens when ammonia reacts with water?

A

When ammonia reacts with water, it produces hydroxide ions.

30
Q

How do basic (alkaline) conditions affect red litmus paper?

A

In basic (alkaline) conditions, red litmus paper turns blue.

31
Q

True or False?

Aqueous ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are the same.

A

True.

Aqueous ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are the same thing.

32
Q

Which ion is produced in alkaline solutions?

A

The hydroxide, OH-, ion is produced in alkaline solutions.

33
Q

How is a soluble salt made?

A

A soluble salt can be made by the reaction of:

an acid with an insoluble base

an acid with an alkali

34
Q

Why is the insoluble base added in excess during the preparation of a soluble salt?

A

The insoluble base is added in excess to ensure that all of the acid has reacted.

35
Q

What step is taken to remove the excess insoluble base after the reaction?

A

The excess insoluble base is removed by filtration

36
Q

What is left in the solution after the excess base is removed?

A

After removing the excess base, only the salt and water remain in the solution.

37
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation for the preparation of copper(II) sulfate from copper(II) oxide.

A

The balanced symbol equation is:

CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ⟶ CuSO4 (s) + H2O (l)

38
Q

Define the term insoluble base.

A

An insoluble base is a base that does not dissolve in water.

39
Q

How are crystals produced from a salt solution?

A

The solution is heated gently and then left to cool.

40
Q

Name the method used to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and alkali.

A

The method used to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and alkali is titration.

41
Q

Name the piece of equipment which could be used to measure a fixed volume of acid when preparing a soluble salt.

A

The piece of equipment which could be used to measure a fixed volume of acid is a pipette.

41
Q

Give the colour of phenolphthalein in acids and alkalis.

A

Phenolphthalein is colourless in acids and pink in alkalis.

42
Q

What is an insoluble salt?

A

An insoluble salt is a salt that does not dissolve in water or other solvents.

43
Q

True or False?

Insoluble salts can be prepared using a precipitation reaction.

A

True.

Insoluble salts can be prepared using a precipitation reaction.

44
Q

Define precipitation reaction.

A

A precipitation reaction is a reaction where an insoluble solid (precipitate) is formed from two soluble reactants

45
Q

What is meant by a precipitate?

A

A precipitate is an insoluble solid that is formed from a reaction between two soluble reactants.

46
Q

What does the method for preparing an insoluble salt involve?

A

The method for preparing an insoluble salt involves measuring out a fixed volume of one solution and then adding the second salt solution until it is in a slight excess, to ensure the maximum amount of precipitate will be obtained.

47
Q

True or False?

The precipitate is recovered by evaporation.

A

False.

The precipitate is recovered by filtration and then it must be washed with distilled water to remove reactants that are contaminating the residue (recovered solid).

48
Q

Give an example of an insoluble salt often made by precipitation.

A

Examples of salts made by precipitation include silver and lead(II) salts e.g. lead(II) iodide, silver chloride.

Chemistry (17 decks)

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