Introduction/approach to kidney disease (Yr4)

Question 1

what causes pre-renal azotaemia?

Answer 1

reduced renal perfusion (dehydration, hypovolaemia, heart failure…)

Question 2

how can pre-renal and renal azotaemia be differentiated?

Answer 2

pre-renal… urine is adequately concentrated
renal… urine is poorly concentrated

Question 3

how much kidney function has been lost if an animal presents as azotaemic?

Answer 3

75%

Question 4

what causes secondary hyperparathyroidism in kidney disease cases?

Answer 4

increased phosphate (binds to calcium meaning there is a decreased ionised fraction which trigger parathyroid hormone production)
reduced calcitriol (usually has a negative feedback on parathyroid hormone production)