Feline coronavirus/FIP (Yr 2) Flashcards
what does FIP stand for?
feline infectious peritonitis
what causes FIP
coronavirus (not all cats with feline coronavirus get develop FIP)
what is the route of infection of coronavirus?
young kittens via faecal oral transmission (FIP generally occurs when cats live in groups)
what are the two biotypes of feline coronavirus?
feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIP)
feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV)
what does coronavirus developing to FIP depend on?
virus strain (biotype)
dose of virus
immune status of cat
why don’t we get outbreaks of FIP?
there is little replication and shedding of the virus so it isn’t transmitted
where does FCoV replicate in the body?
tonsil, URT, intestinal epithelium
what cells does FIPV infect?
macrophages
what determine which type of FIP a cat will develop?
how good the cell mediated immunity it
if it is good they may recover, if it is partial they develop dry FIP and if it is poor they get wet FIP
what is the pathogenesis of FIP?
once mutated from FCoV it infects macrophages, this uptake is mediated and enhanced by antiviral antibodies
it is then deposited as immune complexes in the walls of small vessels which causes a vasculitis
what are the four possible groups of clinical signs of FIP?
subclinical
mild enteritis
wet FIP
dry FIP
what is the prognosis for wet FIP?
fatal
what are the clinical signs of wet FIP?
fluid accumulation in body cavities
inappetence, depression, swollen abdomen, jaundice, muffled heart sound, unresponsive fever
what is the prognosis for dry FIP?
fatal
what ate the clinical signs of dry FIP?
unresponsive fever, anorexia, jaundice, ataxia, iris, behavioural changes (these depend on which organ system is involved)
what is needed for definitive diagnosis of FIP?
histopathology
what abnormalities are seen on haematology and biochemistry in FIP patients?
neutrophilia
lymphopaenia
mild non-regenerative anaemia
hyperproteinaemia (globulins raised)
increased liver enzymes
what is the appearance of FIP fluid?
viscous straw coloured fluid with high protein content that froths when shaken and clots on standing
how is FIP treated?
no treatment (fatal disease) can possibly try interferon
what is a feature of FCoV that allows it to become endemic within multi-cat households?
some cats become persistently infected, so will shed the virus
how can FCoV be control in endemically infected households?
isolate queen 1-2 weeks pre-partum
early weaning ofd kittens
isolate kittens and check if seronegative from 10 weeks old
reduce numbers of cats and stressors
hygiene
