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Vana 102 > Intro to Ungulates > Flashcards

Intro to Ungulates Flashcards

1
Q

one traditional grouping of mammals,
now recognized as a paraphyletic grouping

A

Ungulata

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2
Q

from Latin “ungula” (meaning hoof)

A

Ungulate

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3
Q

Two major groups of living hoofed mammals:

A

• Artiodactyla (cloven-hooved mammals)
• Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals)

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4
Q

• Live in grasslands and savannahs
• Have evolved features that are adaptive for life on
open grasslands

A

Ungulates

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5
Q

• The earliest known ungulate, a small insectivore-like
animal with teeth slightly adapted for grinding.

A

Protungulatum

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6
Q

Order Artiodactyla

A

• Suborder Suina:
• Suborder Tylopoda:
• Suborder Ruminantia:

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7
Q

pigs, peccaries & hippopotami: primitive
artiodactyls

A

Suborder Suina

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8
Q

camels & llamas: intermediate
artiodactyls

A

Suborder Tylopoda

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9
Q

cattle, antelopes, deer and giraffes:
advanced artiodactyls

A

Suborder Ruminantia:

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10
Q

has a so-called ‘double
pulley’ whereby both the connecting surfaces allow a rolling
action giving greater freedom of movement in the ankle. Other
ungulates lack this arrangement

A

the astragalus (tarsal or ankle bone)

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11
Q

The history of the horse family, _______, began
during the Eocene Epoch, which lasted from about 56 million to 33.9 million years ago.

A

Equidae

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12
Q

55 Million Years Ago
EOCENE ERA

A

Eohippus

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13
Q

35 Million Years Ago
OLIGOCENE ER

A

Mesohippus

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14
Q

30 Million Years Ago
OLIGOCENE ERA

A

Miohippus

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15
Q

20 Million Years Ago
MIOCENE ERA

A

Mercychippus

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16
Q

5 Million Years Ago
PLIOCENE ERA

A

Pliohippus

17
Q

4 Million Years Ago
MODERN ERA

A

Equus

18
Q

has
a black m a n e
and tail and
black lower
legs, and
is reddish-
brown over the
rest of its body

A

Bay

19
Q

varies from
mouse colored
to sand-colored
with a dark skin. It
usually has a black
mane, tail, and legs

A

Dun

20
Q

a reddish-brown
horse with a similar
colored mane and tail

A

Chestnut

21
Q

A gold-colored
horse with a
much paler,
sometimes almost
white, mane
and tail

A

P a l o m i n o

22
Q

have white
hairs mixed with
black, bay, chesnut

A

R o a n

23
Q

Brown o r black
spots, confined to
a “blanket” on
the rump or
spread over the
whole body

A

Spotted

24
Q

The coat has large
areas of brown or
black and white.

A

Pinto

25
Q

vary
from white to dark
gray and can be
plain, dappled
(right), or flea-bitten.
All have black skin

A

Gray

26
Q

is the movement of the horses’ feet and legs when the horse is in motion.

A

Gait

27
Q

slow, four-beat gait.
•Each foot leaves and strikes the
ground separately from the other
feet.
•It is the natural gait of the horse

A

Walk

28
Q

is a fast, two-beat
diagonal gait.
•Opposite front and hind feet
leave and strike the ground at
the same time

A

Trot

29
Q

is a fast, four-beat gait.
• Each foot strikes the ground separately.
• The feet strike the ground in the following order:
• (1) one hind foot
• (2) the other hind foot
• (3) the diagonal front foot
• (4) the other front foot.

A

Gallop

30
Q

The extended gallop is called the

A

Run

31
Q

is a slow, three-beat gait
• The feet strike the ground in the following order:
• (1) one hind foot
• (2) the other hind foot and the diagonal front
foot
• (3) the other front foot

A

Canter

32
Q

A Western adaptation of a very slow canter is called

A

Lope

33
Q

is a slow, lateral, four-beat
gait.
• The four feet strike the ground separately.
• The feet strike the ground in the following
order:
• (1) right hind foot
• (2) right front foot
• (3) left hind foot
• (4) left front foot

A

Stepping pace

34
Q

is a slow, diagonal,
four-beat gait
• Each foot leaves and strikes the ground
separately from the other feet.
• The front foot strikes the ground just
ahead of the diagonal hind foot.
• This is a natural gait of the Tennessee
Walking Hors

A

Running walk

35
Q

is a slow, short, broken trot.
• The hind foot strikes the ground just ahead of the
diagonal front foot.

A

Fox trot

36
Q

is a fast, even, four-beat gait.
• The time between each foot striking the ground is
the same.
• The order of the feet striking the ground is the
same as in the stepping pace

A

Rack

37
Q

is a fast, two-beat gait.
•The front and hind feet on the same
side leave and strike the ground at the
same time.
•There is a brief moment when all four
feet are off the ground at the same
time

A

Pace

38
Q

is a lateral movement of the
horse.
•It is also called the traverse or sidestep.
•It is not a show gait.
•The horse moves to one side without
going forward or backward

A

Amble

Vana 102 (3 decks)

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