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Clinical > Intro To Profession Of Nursing > Flashcards

Intro To Profession Of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Professional nursing promotes…X4

A
  1. Responsibility 2. Accountability 3. Confidentiality 4. Advocacy
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2
Q

What are the four main ethic philosophies?

A
  1. Deontology 2. Utilitarianism 3. Feminism 4. Ethics of care
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3
Q

What does deontology mean?

A

Commitment to respect “rightness” of autonomy

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4
Q

What are the seven steps to processing an ethical dilemma?

A
  1. Is this a dilemma? 2. Gather info 3. Clarification (fact, opinion, value) 4. Verbalize problem/simple statement 5. Course of action 6. Negotiate a plan 7. Evaluate plan overtime
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5
Q

Where else can a nurse reach out in an ethical dilemma?

A

Ethics committee at the institution

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6
Q

What are the four issues in healthcare ethics?

A
  1. Quality-of-life 2. Genetic counseling 3. End-of-life 4. Access to care
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7
Q

What are the five standards of ethics?

A
  1. Autonomy 2. Beneficence 3. Nonmaleficence 4. Justice 5. Fidelity
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8
Q

What are the 3 main differences in values?

A
  1. Changing professional roles 2. Technological advances 3. Social issues
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9
Q

What does it mean to be a Regis Nurse x3

A

1) Holistic approach 2) Advocate 3) Critical Thinking

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10
Q

Nursing as an art…..x4

A

Compassion, Respect, Dignity, Creativity

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11
Q

Nursing as a science…x2

A

Research, knowledge

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12
Q

Virginia Henderson

A

to assist the individual, sick or well

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13
Q

Martha Rogers

A

The Science of Unitary human beings, concerned with all people

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14
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

Nurse-Patient Relationship

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15
Q

ANA in ‘73

A

needs of the individual, family, community

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16
Q

ANA ‘80

A

Diagnosis

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17
Q

ANA ‘95

A

subjective objective data

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18
Q

ANA ‘03

A

Experience, science, responses, social & public policy

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19
Q

Kolvenbach

A

MEN and WOMEN FOR others. Respect no matter what background

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20
Q

Ignatius Tradition

A

value-centered choices. How we should live, Critical thinking Social responsibility

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21
Q

The main objected of the class x3

A

1) Service Learning 2) Didactus 3) Lab/Clinical

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22
Q

NANDA

A

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association

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23
Q

NIC

A

Nursing INTERVENTIONS

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24
Q

Gordon’s Functional Health Pattern

A

Health history//ADL’s

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25
Q

What are the 3 types of diagnosis

A

1) Actual 2) Risk for 3) wellness

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26
Q

PES stands for

A

Problem, Etiology, Signs & Symptoms

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27
Q

What is an infection?

A

Invasion of a pathogen host resulting in disease

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28
Q

Infections are NOT necessarily…

A

communicable (meningitus, pnemonia)

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29
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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30
Q

What is the ideal temp for most pathogens

A

68-109F or 20-43 C

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31
Q

What are the super bugs known in hospitals- or these you need to use soap and water

A

NORA virus, MRSA, C-Diff, VRE, TB

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32
Q

Edema means

A

localized swelling

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33
Q

Phagocytosis means

A

destruction and absorption of bacteria

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34
Q

In what order do you put on your PPE

A

1) Mask, 2)Glasses, 3)Gown, 4) Gloves

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35
Q

What does exudates mean?

A

fluid and cells discharged from blood vessels

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36
Q

What are 3 types of exudates

A

1)Serous- clear/ plasma 2)Sanguineous- RBCs 3)Purulent- WBCs

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37
Q

Pathogens include x7

A

1) Bacteria 2)Viruses 3)Fungi 4)Protozoa 5)Prions 6)Norma flora in wrong places

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38
Q

What is your primary intervention

A

maintain, improve wellness, immunization, nutrition

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39
Q

Secondary intervention

A

diagnosis followed by prompt intervention

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40
Q

Tertiary Intervention

A

prevent complications, undue deterioration, & rehab

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41
Q

Types of Living reservoirs

A

humans, animals, insects

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42
Q

Types of non-living reservoirs

A

fomites, floors, equipment water

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43
Q

What is the difference between charity & justice?

A

justice seeks fairness//longterm, Charity is giving support immediate

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44
Q

What does c/o mean?

A

Complaints of

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45
Q

What does SMART stand for in the planning phase

A

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed

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46
Q

What are the 4 components of NANDA

A

1)Planning 2)Outcome 3) Identity 4)Intervention

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47
Q

What is our bodies’ primary defense

A

skin

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48
Q

what is our bodies’ secondary defense

A

phagocytosis, fever

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49
Q

what is our bodies’ tertiary defense

A

b-cells, t-cells

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50
Q

What are examples of portal entry/exit

A

lines tubes, skin, mucous, respiratory tract, UTI, Reproductive tract, blood

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51
Q

Which is better to block portal exit or portal exit

A

Portal Exit, because blocking entry to others. Keeps it contained.

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52
Q

What causes some people to be suceptible to infection

A

age, genetics, nutrition, substance abuse

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53
Q

What does malaise mean & is this local or systemic?

A

Fatigue, systemic

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54
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection

A

1) Incubation (no symptoms yet) 2)Prodromal (not feeling well) 3)Illness (stay away) 4)Convalescence (starting to feel better)

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55
Q

If an HAI infection is endogenous, could that be your fault..

A

not necessarily

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56
Q

What are the 5 necessary components of handwashing

A

1)soap 2)water 3)friction 4)time 5)alcohol based products

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57
Q

AEB stands for..

A

As Evidence By

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58
Q

What are 6 components of ADL

A

1) Bathing/showering 2)Hair care 3)Oral Care 4)Nail and foot Care 5)Perineal 6)Shaving

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59
Q

What are the main purposes of hygiene care x 3

A

1) maintenance of personal hygiene 2)Protection 3)Improve circulation (blood clots, pressure ulcers)

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60
Q

7 factors that influence hygiene and self care

A

1) psychosocial 2)personal pref 3)culture/religion (male, female) 4)Economic status 5)development 6)Knowledge 7)phys health

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61
Q

Nurse’s Role for ADL’s x 4

A

1) assess self care abilities 2)provide assistance w self care/independence 3)promote 4)delegate

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62
Q

ADL Assessment x 3

A

1) Client’s personal preference 2) integumentary sys 3) communication opportunities

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63
Q

Immobility and ADL can cause risk for

A

pressure ulcers,

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64
Q

incontinence means

A

involuntary urinary leakage

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65
Q

Anema means

A

RBC deficient and pallor

66
Q

How should you rub a patient when bathing

A

distal to proximal. Move towards heart.

67
Q

What should you check for with compression stockings..

A

1)Not the right size 2)Need to remove every 8 hrs

68
Q

What is tissue ischemia

A

restriction in blood supply to organ

69
Q

-Emia pertains to

A

blood flow

70
Q

What are some examples of a diagnosis pertaining to integumentary?

A
  • self care deficient
  • ineffective health maintenance
71
Q

UAP stands for

A

Unlicensed assisted personnel

“CNA”

72
Q

What should you inform the UAP of

A
  • limitations
  • amt assistance needed
  • assisted devices
  • presence and care of tubes
  • observation to make during hygiene care
73
Q

What are common types of baths

A
  1. Assist- hard to reach areas
  2. Partial- necessary areas (perineum)
  3. Complete- head to toe
74
Q

What are some other types of baths- x5

A
  1. towel
  2. bag/packaged
  3. shower
  4. tub
  5. therapeutic
75
Q

What should the temperature be for a bath?

A

105 F

76
Q

What can poor dental care cause?

A
  1. CV disease
  2. diabetes
  3. malnutrition
  4. stroke
  5. pneumonia
77
Q

What should you do if a patient is unconscious

A

position to avoid choking

78
Q

What can good oral care facilitate?

A
  • improved appetite
79
Q

In a care plan what might you say for evaluation of ADLs?

A

how patient tolerated the procedure, give more.

80
Q

What is an independent nursing judgement

A

vital signs

81
Q

What type of information do vital signs give you?

A

objective data

82
Q

When should you contact RRT (regional response team)

A
  • if worriend about PT
  • abnormal RR, BP, HR
  • neuro
  • acute urinary
83
Q

A nurse is responsible for what aspect of vital signs

A

interpreting results

84
Q

How frequently should you take vitals

A
  • docs orders
  • facility standards
  • at your judgment
85
Q

Should you analyze some vital signs or all of them?

A

all

86
Q

Should you communicate to patient what their vitals signs are?

A

yes

87
Q

What are the standards for taking vitals at a hosptial

A

every 4-8 hours

88
Q

What are the standards for taking vitals for home health

A

ea. visit

89
Q

What are the standards for taking vitals at a clinic

A

each visit

90
Q

Why do some elders become malnourished or dehydrated

A

staffing issues, not enought time

91
Q

Other times to take vitals..

A
  • admission
  • change in condition
  • symptms
  • pre-post surgery
  • pre-post medication (cv sys)
  • pre-post nursing interventions
92
Q

What body part controls your body’s temperature

A

hypothalamus

93
Q

About how much higher is your core temperature vs skin temperature

A

about 1-2 F (dont just add)

94
Q

What is normal for an infants temperature

A
  • unstable
  • make sure to keep warm to prevent hyperthermia
95
Q

What device is typically used to check a child’s temperature?

A
  • tympanic or temporal
96
Q

Where do you check elder’s temperature

A

lower core temp

97
Q

pyrexia means

A

fever

98
Q

pyrogens are

A

bacteria or viruses

99
Q

what is another word for fever

A

febrile

100
Q

FUO stands for

A

fever of unknown origin

101
Q

this is necessary in the OR and is a hereditary response to anasthetic agents

A

malignant hyperthermia

102
Q

What are types of Thermostats

A
  1. electronic
  2. Infrared (tympanic)
  3. scanning infrared (temporal)
  4. Temp sensitive tape
  5. Chem disposable
  6. rectal (most accurate)
103
Q

What are common causes in changes in temperature

A
  1. fever
  2. hyperexia > 105.8
  3. hyperthermia
  4. hypothermia < 95F
104
Q

1 degree celsius is equal to an increase in how many beats per min

A

10

105
Q

FERPA students

A

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Acts

106
Q

Nursing Research

A
  • examine phenomena important to nursing
  • a guide to making clinical decisions
107
Q

Who was the first nurse researchers?

A

Florence

108
Q

What was early research focused on

A

education

109
Q

What is the focus of research now?

A

patient care

110
Q

Steps to EBP x6

A
  1. Ask clinical question
  2. Collect evidence
  3. Critique evidence
  4. integrate
  5. evaluate
  6. share outcomes
111
Q

What does PICOT stand for regarding research?

A
  • Patient population
  • Intervention
  • Comparison
  • Outcome
  • Timeframe
112
Q

Who says we need to do research as a means of improving health and welfare of people?

A

international council of nursing

113
Q

Examples of nursing sensitive outcome measure?

A
  • discharge planning
  • fall risks
  • patient wait time
  • safety
114
Q

Scientific Method

A
  • foundation of research
  • quantitative vs qualitative
115
Q

What is Quantitative Date

A
  • objective
  • systematic
  • numeric
116
Q

Qualitataive

A
  • subjective
  • descriptive
  • promote understanding
117
Q

What percent of hospitalized patients are malnourished

A

40-50%

118
Q

The proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories present in a food is

A

Nutrient density

119
Q

BMR stands for

A

basal metabolic rate, low if in bed all day

120
Q

When a body is ill what do you need

A
  • nitrogen balance
  • proteins
121
Q

What is a problem with consuming alcohol and nutrition?

A
  • renal function
  • GI peristalsis
  • HCI and digestive enzymes
  • Liver Mass
  • Thiamine/Vitamin B
122
Q

Dyarthria

A
  • difficulty chewing
  • signs-
    • pocketing food, slurred speech
123
Q

Dysphagia

A
  • difficulty swallowing
  • signs
    • coughing
  • Speech therapy
124
Q

What are nursing diagnoses for nutrion

A
  • inadequate intake
  • self-care deficit
  • fluid volume deficite
  • nutrition imbalances less/more than requirement
125
Q

NPO stands for

A

nothing by mouth

126
Q

DAT

A

Diet as tolerated

127
Q

Diet after a procedure

A
  • clear liquid
  • full liquid-milk shake
  • pureed
  • ground
  • mechanical soft-mashed potatoes
  • soft
  • regular
128
Q

Disease modification

A
  • Diabetes
  • Renal Disease/Kidney
  • Protein
  • Low residue-easily digestible
  • BRAT
129
Q

Restrictions for nutrition

A
  • sodium
  • fat
  • calories
  • protein
130
Q

What does BRAT stand for

A
  • Banana
  • Rice
  • Apple sauce
  • Toast
131
Q

What foods should be avoided for low residue diet?

A
  • Fruits
  • Vegetables
132
Q

What is enteral nutrition?

A
  • nutrients through GI tract
  • “tube feeding”
  • know there is many diff types
133
Q

Parenteral feeding means?

A
  • short-term
  • central venous line
134
Q

Ventilation means..

A

gas in and out of lungs

135
Q

What do we look for in the respiratory rate

A

rhtymn, rate, depth, quality, effectiveness

136
Q

What can cause low respiration?

A

brain injury, pain meds

137
Q

eupnea means

A

normal breathing

138
Q

apnea

A

means temp not breathing

139
Q

Cheyne Stokes

A

irregular shallow breathing, period of panea. Death approaching..

140
Q

What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene?

A

to prevent or control the transmission of infection from any source.

141
Q

When delegating patient care that requires nursing assistive personnel (NAP) to use personal protective equipment (PPE), it is necessary for the nurse to do what first?

A

Review the patient’s need for a specific isolation precaution

142
Q

In which situation would it be appropriate for the nurse to use an antiseptic hand rub to perform hand hygiene?

A

The nurse’s hands are not visibly soiled.

143
Q

What is the primary reason for performing perineal care on a male patient with incontinence?

A

To reduce the risk of skin breakdown in the patient’s genital and perineal area

144
Q

A patient with difficulty breathing requests a back massage. In which position would the nurse instruct nursing assistive personnel (NAP) to place the patient during the massage?

A

Side-lying

145
Q

As the nurse is preparing to provide perineal care to a female patient with limited mobility, the patient says, “I can do that myself.” Which action would be the priority?

A

Assess the patient’s ability to perform proper perineal care.

146
Q

What temperature should the water be when bathing a patient?

A

Warm

147
Q

The nurse is delegating a female patient’s perineal care to nursing assistive personnel (NAP). What instruction would the nurse give to ensure the NAP’s safety while performing this care?

A

wear clean gloves

148
Q

The nurse is assisting a patient with a tub bath. After the patient has been safely positioned in the tub, he tells the nurse, “I’ll call you when I’m done.” What is the nurse’s best response?

A

check back in 5 min

149
Q

The nurse is preparing to provide perineal care for a female patient who is on bed rest. Which patient position should the nurse use for this care?

A

dorsal recumbent

150
Q

A patient is being given a bed bath. The nurse realizes that another washcloth is needed to complete the bath. What is one way in which the nurse can ensure the patient’s safety?

A

Make sure the call light is within reach

151
Q

The nurse is bathing a patient who is unconscious. What should the nurse do to ensure safe care of the patient’s eyes?

A

Use eye patches or shields taped in place.

152
Q

As the nurse is preparing to provide perineal care to a female patient with limited mobility, the patient says, “I can do that myself.” Which action would be the priority?

A

Assess the patient’s ability to perform proper perineal care.

153
Q

The nurse observes the nursing assistive personnel (NAP) providing perineal care to a male patient. Which observation of care requires the nurse’s follow-up?

A

Reserving the cleansing of the tip of the penis as the final step in perineal care

154
Q

A patient with left-sided muscle weakness is prescribed a bath every other day. Which precaution would help the nurse reduce this patient’s risk of falling?

A

Decline the patient’s request to add scented oil to the bathwater.

155
Q

A male patient receiving perineal care tells the nurse “It has started to hurt a little down there.” What is the nurse’s best response?

A

“When did you start experiencing the pain?”

156
Q

What will the nurse do right after placing a clean top sheet on the patient?

A

Remove the bath blanket

157
Q

The nurse is directing nursing assistive personnel (NAP) to make an occupied bed. What will the nurse say to minimize the risk of disease transmission to staff and patient during the bed change?

A

“You’ll need to apply Standard Precautions during this task.”

158
Q

A nursing assistive personnel (NAP) has finished making a surgical bed for a patient in surgery. How would the nurse instruct the NAP to leave the bed to transfer the surgical patient safely?

A

Raise the height of the bed.

159
Q

When making a surgical bed with no patient present, at which time is it unnecessary to perform hand hygiene?

A

After disposing of soiled linen that is not visibly soiled

160
Q

Comparing the changes in vital signs as a person ages-components…

A
  1. Respiratory rate remains fairly stable throughout a person’s life.
  2. Blood pressure increases; heart rate and respiratory rate decline
  3. Men have higher blood pressure than women until after menopause

Clinical (12 decks)

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