Intro to Physiology Flashcards
The more a person can maintain _____ the healthier they are. Health is not a binary: sick or healthy, health is fluid
Homeostasis
____ is the dynamic process by which the environment of the cell is maintained so that the cell is able to survive. It is a ____ equilibrium
Homeostasis
Dynamic
_____ fluid is the fluid outside of the cell that is not in your blood vessels. Makes up _____ percent of extra cellular fluid.
Interstitial
80
____ is the fluid outside of the cell that is found in your bloodstream. It makes up ____ of extracellular fluid.
Plasma
20
_____ fluid is the fluid within a cell. It is 2/3 of total body water.
Intracellular
Homeostasis occurs on many levels of the body including ____, ____, ____ , etc,
Cellular
Tissue
Chemical
Organ
_____ is cell signaling with its neighboring cells.
Paracrine
_____ is the signaling between neurons.
Synaptic
_____ is the signaling through the blood via hormones.
Endocrine
_____ is the cell signaling to itself.
Autocrine
______ pathway is homeostasis pathway that occurs within the cell or system itself. ______ pathway occurs outside of the system that you’re looking at.
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
_____ feedback loop decreases a variable, shuts it down.
_____ feedback loops increase the variable or promote what is occurring.
Negative
Positive
In a feedback loop, the _____ detects the stimulus. The ____ ___ processes the signal and decides what to do. The _____ makes the response happen.
Receptor
Integrating center
Effector
The afferent pathway is from the ____ to the _____. The efferent pathway is from the ____ to the ____.
Stimulus
Integral center
Integral center
Response
Intrinsic mechanisms are observed without ____ or ____ input. An example is auto regulation of cerebral and renal blood flow in which vessels dilate or construct to maintain constant flow.
Nerve
Hormone
flow (Q) = change in ____ / resistance
Pressure
What happens to maintain normal brain blood flow? If cerebral arterial pressure increases, the Ca2+ channels open letting calcium in to the cell, vascular smooth muscle _____, which increases resistance, maintains the same flow.
Contracts
Temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose levels are all regulated by a ____ feedback loop
Negative
Action potential, ovulation, blood clotting cascade are all example of a _____ feedback loop.
Positive
Influences on homeostasis include ____, ___, ____, ____, ____, ___, _____.
Age
Sex
Genetics
Time culture place environment
When you have a fever ______ is faster.
Diffusion
Molecules move the fastest in a ____ state.
Gas
Diffusion equation:
Once the concentration gradient is gone, does diffusion stop?
Yes , but general movement of molecules continues
