Intro to Physiology Flashcards
The more a person can maintain _____ the healthier they are. Health is not a binary: sick or healthy, health is fluid
Homeostasis
____ is the dynamic process by which the environment of the cell is maintained so that the cell is able to survive. It is a ____ equilibrium
Homeostasis
Dynamic
_____ fluid is the fluid outside of the cell that is not in your blood vessels. Makes up _____ percent of extra cellular fluid.
Interstitial
80
____ is the fluid outside of the cell that is found in your bloodstream. It makes up ____ of extracellular fluid.
Plasma
20
_____ fluid is the fluid within a cell. It is 2/3 of total body water.
Intracellular
Homeostasis occurs on many levels of the body including ____, ____, ____ , etc,
Cellular
Tissue
Chemical
Organ
_____ is cell signaling with its neighboring cells.
Paracrine
_____ is the signaling between neurons.
Synaptic
_____ is the signaling through the blood via hormones.
Endocrine
_____ is the cell signaling to itself.
Autocrine
______ pathway is homeostasis pathway that occurs within the cell or system itself. ______ pathway occurs outside of the system that you’re looking at.
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
_____ feedback loop decreases a variable, shuts it down.
_____ feedback loops increase the variable or promote what is occurring.
Negative
Positive
In a feedback loop, the _____ detects the stimulus. The ____ ___ processes the signal and decides what to do. The _____ makes the response happen.
Receptor
Integrating center
Effector
The afferent pathway is from the ____ to the _____. The efferent pathway is from the ____ to the ____.
Stimulus
Integral center
Integral center
Response
Intrinsic mechanisms are observed without ____ or ____ input. An example is auto regulation of cerebral and renal blood flow in which vessels dilate or construct to maintain constant flow.
Nerve
Hormone
flow (Q) = change in ____ / resistance
Pressure
What happens to maintain normal brain blood flow? If cerebral arterial pressure increases, the Ca2+ channels open letting calcium in to the cell, vascular smooth muscle _____, which increases resistance, maintains the same flow.
Contracts
Temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose levels are all regulated by a ____ feedback loop
Negative
Action potential, ovulation, blood clotting cascade are all example of a _____ feedback loop.
Positive
Influences on homeostasis include ____, ___, ____, ____, ____, ___, _____.
Age
Sex
Genetics
Time culture place environment
When you have a fever ______ is faster.
Diffusion
Molecules move the fastest in a ____ state.
Gas
Diffusion equation:
Once the concentration gradient is gone, does diffusion stop?
Yes , but general movement of molecules continues
If you increase the surface level of microvilli by 3, diffusion is ___ times faster
3
If you decrease the surface area, diffusion rate is _____. Example of this is celiac sprue
Decreased
Why does diffusion rate slow over long distances?
The concentration gradient is the biggest closer to the source, as the concentration gradient decreases, the diffusion rate decreases
If you increase the distance, diffusion flux is ______.
Cut in half
When oxygen comes in to the body it uses ____ ____ to get to the lungs. It then uses _____ once it is in the alveoli.
Bulk flow
Diffusion
