Intro to Physiology

Question 1

The more a person can maintain _____ the healthier they are. Health is not a binary: sick or healthy, health is fluid

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

____ is the dynamic process by which the environment of the cell is maintained so that the cell is able to survive. It is a ____ equilibrium

Answer 2

Homeostasis
Dynamic

Question 3

_____ fluid is the fluid outside of the cell that is not in your blood vessels. Makes up _____ percent of extra cellular fluid.

Answer 3

Interstitial
80

Question 4

____ is the fluid outside of the cell that is found in your bloodstream. It makes up ____ of extracellular fluid.

Answer 4

Plasma
20

Question 5

_____ fluid is the fluid within a cell. It is 2/3 of total body water.

Answer 5

Intracellular

Question 6

Homeostasis occurs on many levels of the body including ____, ____, ____ , etc,

Answer 6

Cellular
Tissue
Chemical
Organ

Question 7

_____ is cell signaling with its neighboring cells.

Answer 7

Paracrine

Question 8

_____ is the signaling between neurons.

Answer 8

Synaptic

Question 9

_____ is the signaling through the blood via hormones.

Answer 9

Endocrine

Question 10

_____ is the cell signaling to itself.

Answer 10

Autocrine

Question 11

______ pathway is homeostasis pathway that occurs within the cell or system itself. ______ pathway occurs outside of the system that you’re looking at.

Answer 11

Intrinsic
Extrinsic

Question 12

_____ feedback loop decreases a variable, shuts it down.
_____ feedback loops increase the variable or promote what is occurring.

Answer 12

Negative
Positive

Question 13

In a feedback loop, the _____ detects the stimulus. The ____ ___ processes the signal and decides what to do. The _____ makes the response happen.

Answer 13

Receptor
Integrating center
Effector

Question 14

The afferent pathway is from the ____ to the _____. The efferent pathway is from the ____ to the ____.

Answer 14

Stimulus
Integral center
Integral center
Response

Question 15

Intrinsic mechanisms are observed without ____ or ____ input. An example is auto regulation of cerebral and renal blood flow in which vessels dilate or construct to maintain constant flow.

Answer 15

Nerve
Hormone

Question 16

flow (Q) = change in ____ / resistance

Answer 16

Pressure

Question 17

What happens to maintain normal brain blood flow? If cerebral arterial pressure increases, the Ca2+ channels open letting calcium in to the cell, vascular smooth muscle _____, which increases resistance, maintains the same flow.

Answer 17

Contracts

Question 18

Temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose levels are all regulated by a ____ feedback loop

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

Action potential, ovulation, blood clotting cascade are all example of a _____ feedback loop.

Answer 19

Positive

Question 20

Influences on homeostasis include ____, ___, ____, ____, ____, ___, _____.

Answer 20

Age
Sex
Genetics
Time culture place environment

Question 21

When you have a fever ______ is faster.

Answer 21

Diffusion

Question 22

Molecules move the fastest in a ____ state.

Answer 22

Gas

Question 23

Diffusion equation:

Answer 23

Question 24

Once the concentration gradient is gone, does diffusion stop?

Answer 24

Yes , but general movement of molecules continues

Question 25

If you increase the surface level of microvilli by 3, diffusion is ___ times faster

Answer 25

3

Question 26

If you decrease the surface area, diffusion rate is _____. Example of this is celiac sprue

Answer 26

Decreased

Question 27

Why does diffusion rate slow over long distances?

Answer 27

The concentration gradient is the biggest closer to the source, as the concentration gradient decreases, the diffusion rate decreases

Question 28

If you increase the distance, diffusion flux is ______.

Answer 28

Cut in half

Question 29

When oxygen comes in to the body it uses ____ ____ to get to the lungs. It then uses _____ once it is in the alveoli.

Answer 29

Bulk flow
Diffusion