Enzymes and Bioenergetics Flashcards
______ refers to the differences in potential energy of the substrate and products of a reaction. If the product has less potential energy than the substrate, the reaction is ______ _____.
Bioenergetics
Energetically favorable
_____ refers to the speed at which substrates are converted to products
Kinetics
_____ increase the sodas if reactions. They do not alter the energetic reactions
Enzymes
_______ = delta H - T deltaS
The change in free energy, delta G
If delta G is negative, the reaction will proceed _____ in the forward direction. If delta G is positive the reaction will proceed ______ in the reverse direction
Spontaneously
Spontaneously
Delta H is the heat exchange. If delta H >0, the reaction is ______. If delta H<0 the reaction is ______.
Endothermic
Exothermic
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In the _____ of fuels, electrons are transferred from CC bonds to redox intermediates such as ___ and ___. The electrons reduce molecule oxygen to water in the ___ ____ ____.
Oxidation
FAD
NAD+
Electron transport chain
The oxidation of fuels is a _____ reaction.
Exergonic
The conversion of glucose __ phosphate to glucose ___ phosphate is a key step to synthesizing glycogen (how we store glucose).
6
1
______ catalyzes the intercom version between glucose 1phosphate and glucose 6phosphate.
Phosphoglucomutase
Un favorable energetics can be over come by manipulating the substrate and product concentrations. Often times the product will be used as _____ in the subsequent reactions that have _____ free energy changes.
Substrates
Negative
The enzyme ______ uses ATP in the first step of glycolysis to add phosphate to the 6 carbon of glucose.
Hexokinase
binding of ______ at the hexokinase active site creates a binding site for ATP
D glucose
The enzyme hexokinase links the hydrolysis of ATP to the phosphorylation of glucose in an energetically _____ reaction.
Favorable