DNA Structure And Genome Composition

Question 1

What is the central dogma?

Answer 1

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins

Question 2

DNA to RNA is a process called

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

RNA to protein is a process called

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

The building blocks of DNA and RNA are

Answer 4

Nucleic acids

Question 5

A nucleotide consist of a _____ , _____ , _____. A nucleoside consists of a _____ and _____.

Answer 5

Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and base

Sugar and base

Question 6

The purine bases are ____ and ______
The Pyrimidines are ____ and ______

Answer 6

Adenine and guanine

Cytosine and thymine

Question 7

The sugar in RNA is ____
The four bases in RNA are ____ , ____, ____, ____.

Answer 7

Ribose

Adenine guanine cytosine and Uracil

Question 8

Nucleotides are joined by _____ bonds.
A free nucleotide will bind at its _____ carbon to another nucleotide at its _____ carbon. Nucleotides are added to the _____ _____ of a DNA strand.

Answer 8

Phosphodiester
5’ (5 prime)
3’ (3 prime
3’ terminus

Question 9

______ is double stranded. ____ is single-stranded.

Answer 9

DNA
RNA

Question 10

Two DNA strands are attached together via _____ bonds between bases. Adenine hydrogen bonds to ____. Guanine hydrogen bonds to ____.

Answer 10

Hydrogen
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 11

It takes more energy to pull the ____ pair apart due to three hydrogen bonds, compared to only two hydrogen bonds in the ____ pair.

Answer 11

GC
AT

Question 12

The sugar phosphate backbone is on the _____ of the alpha helix.

Answer 12

Outside

Question 13

The human genome is ______ divided into _____ linear molecules.

Answer 13

3,200,000,000
24

Question 14

Of the 24 chromosomes 22 are called _____ and two are called ____ chromosomes. Humans are ____, meaning, each cell has two copies of every chromosome.

Answer 14

Autosomes
Sex
Diploid

Question 15

A _____ is a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain (protein).

Answer 15

Gene

Question 16

Only _____ percent of our genome encodes for proteins.

Answer 16

One

Question 17

____ ____ are short sequences in our DNA that are repeated, they tend to be enriched in certain regions of the chromosome.
Ex: TTAGGG is repeated in the _____ region

Answer 17

Tandem repeats
Telomeric

Question 18

_____ originated from normal genes but have mutated overtime. They may play a role in regulating the expression of regular genes

Answer 18

Pseudogenes

Question 19

Another genome in humans is found in the _____.

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

_____ ____ is becoming useful to treat and cure diseases

Answer 20

Genome engineering

Question 21

True or false
The central dogma of molecular biology posits that the flow of genetic information flows unidirectionally from DNA to proteins, as well as RNA directly to protein

Answer 21

False

Question 22

True or false
The complexity of an organism is not defined by its genome size or the number of genes

Answer 22

True
Amoebas genome is actually larger than the human genome

Question 23

True or false
Our genome is composed of many different genetic elements with the majority of it composed of coding protein sequences

Answer 23

False

Question 24

True or false
A gene is a unit of heredity, containing only the protein coding sequence

Answer 24

False
A gene contains both protein and non-protein, coding sequences, including promoter sequences and introns