DNA Structure And Genome Composition Flashcards
What is the central dogma?
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins
DNA to RNA is a process called
Transcription
RNA to protein is a process called
Translation
The building blocks of DNA and RNA are
Nucleic acids
A nucleotide consist of a _____ , _____ , _____. A nucleoside consists of a _____ and _____.
Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and base
Sugar and base
The purine bases are ____ and ______
The Pyrimidines are ____ and ______
Adenine and guanine
Cytosine and thymine
The sugar in RNA is ____
The four bases in RNA are ____ , ____, ____, ____.
Ribose
Adenine guanine cytosine and Uracil
Nucleotides are joined by _____ bonds.
A free nucleotide will bind at its _____ carbon to another nucleotide at its _____ carbon. Nucleotides are added to the _____ _____ of a DNA strand.
Phosphodiester
5’ (5 prime)
3’ (3 prime
3’ terminus
______ is double stranded. ____ is single-stranded.
DNA
RNA
Two DNA strands are attached together via _____ bonds between bases. Adenine hydrogen bonds to ____. Guanine hydrogen bonds to ____.
Hydrogen
Thymine
Cytosine
It takes more energy to pull the ____ pair apart due to three hydrogen bonds, compared to only two hydrogen bonds in the ____ pair.
GC
AT
The sugar phosphate backbone is on the _____ of the alpha helix.
Outside
The human genome is ______ divided into _____ linear molecules.
3,200,000,000
24
Of the 24 chromosomes 22 are called _____ and two are called ____ chromosomes. Humans are ____, meaning, each cell has two copies of every chromosome.
Autosomes
Sex
Diploid
A _____ is a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain (protein).
Gene
Only _____ percent of our genome encodes for proteins.
One
____ ____ are short sequences in our DNA that are repeated, they tend to be enriched in certain regions of the chromosome.
Ex: TTAGGG is repeated in the _____ region
Tandem repeats
Telomeric
_____ originated from normal genes but have mutated overtime. They may play a role in regulating the expression of regular genes
Pseudogenes
Another genome in humans is found in the _____.
Mitochondria
_____ ____ is becoming useful to treat and cure diseases
Genome engineering
True or false
The central dogma of molecular biology posits that the flow of genetic information flows unidirectionally from DNA to proteins, as well as RNA directly to protein
False
True or false
The complexity of an organism is not defined by its genome size or the number of genes
True
Amoebas genome is actually larger than the human genome
True or false
Our genome is composed of many different genetic elements with the majority of it composed of coding protein sequences
False
True or false
A gene is a unit of heredity, containing only the protein coding sequence
False
A gene contains both protein and non-protein, coding sequences, including promoter sequences and introns
