Intro to Immunology - Diebel

Question 1

Professional Antigen Presenting Cells consist of…

Answer 1

B-Cells
Dendritic Cells
Macrophages

Question 2

First cell to encounter PAMPs

Answer 2

Resident Macrophages

Question 3

First Innate Immune cell type to respond

Answer 3

Neutrophils

Question 4

List the 6 steps in the Pathway of Infection

Answer 4

1. Exposure to pathogens
2. Adherence to skin or mucosa
3. Invasion through epithelium
4. Colonization and Growth (production of virulence factors)
5. Toxicity and Invasiveness (toxin effects are local or systemic and further growth at original and distant sites)
6. Tissue Damage and Disease

Question 5

First Innate Immune cell type to respond to cytokines released by the macrophages

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

List the 6 steps in the Pathway of Infection

Answer 6

1. Exposure to pathogens
2. Adherence to skin or mucosa
3. Invasion through epithelium
4. Colonization and Growth (production of virulence factors)
5. Toxicity and Invasiveness (toxin effects are local or systemic and further growth at original and distant sites)
6. Tissue Damage and Disease

Question 7

T/F The innate immune system is noninducible and does not require previous exposure.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Alveolar Macrophages

Answer 8

Lung

Question 9

Kupffer Cells

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Microblial Cells

Answer 10

Brain

Question 11

Mesangial Phagocytes

Answer 11

Kidney

Question 12

Monocytes

Answer 12

Blood

Question 13

PRR

Answer 13

Pathogen Recognition Receptors

Question 14

TLR

Answer 14

Toll Like Receptors - grab PAMPs and phagocytize them to release cytokines and display peptides on MHCII Receptors

Question 15

Define Cytokines

Answer 15

Soluble, secreted, messenger protein molecules part of the response to infection.

Question 16

Define Chemokines

Answer 16

Cytokines that can attract cells to inflamed tissues and can function to recruit cells of both innate and adaptive immune system to fight infection.

Question 17

Interferons (IFNs)

Answer 17

Limit spread of viral infections

Question 18

INFalpha and INFbeta (Type 1 Interferons)

Answer 18

Produced by cells infected with virus

Question 19

INFgamma (Type 2 Interferon)

Answer 19

Produced by activated CD-4 (TH1) cells

Question 20

INFgamma (Type 2 Interferon)

Answer 20

Produced by activated CD-4 (TH1) cells

Question 21

Interleukins (ILs)

Answer 21

Produced by T-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells with a wide array of functions for cellular division and differentiation

Question 22

Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)

Answer 22

Division and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and precursors of blood leukocytes

Question 23

Chemokines

Answer 23

Chemotactic cytokine that directs movement of leukocytes through attractant factors

Question 24

Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs)

Answer 24

Mediates inflammation and cytotoxic reactions (TNFalpha)

Question 25

Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs)

Answer 25

Regulates cell division and tissue repair

Question 26

Chemokines

Answer 26

Attract leukocytes to inflamed tissues

Question 27

Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs)

Answer 27

Regulates cell division and tissue repair

Question 28

Define Adaptive Immunity

Answer 28

Acquired ability to recognize and destroy a pathogen

Question 29

Define Adaptive Immunity

Answer 29

Acquired ability to recognize and destroy a pathogen through memory and tolerance

Question 30

What is the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system?

Answer 30

MHCII

Question 31

Antigen Presenting Cells

Answer 31

Activate T-Cells through MHCII antigen presentation