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IHO Week 1 > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines for Hematopoietic Stem Cell –> Myeloid Precursor

A

IL-3

GM-CSF

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2
Q

Cytokines for Myeloid Precursor –>
Basophil Progenitor
Eosinophil Progenitor
Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor

A

IL-3

GM-CSF

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3
Q

Cytokines for Basophil Progenitor –> Basophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
IL-4

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4
Q

Cytokines for Eosinophil Progenitor –> Eosinophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
IL-5

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5
Q

Cytokines for Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor –> Neutrophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
G-CSF

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6
Q

Cytokines for Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor –> Monocyte

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
M-CSF

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7
Q

Cytokines for Monocyte –> Dendritic Cells

A

GM-CSF

IL-4

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8
Q

Cytokines for Monocyte –> Macrophage

A

GM-CSF

M-CSF

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9
Q

Cytokine for Monocyte –> Neutrophil (occasionally)

A

IL-8

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10
Q

Types of Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

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11
Q

Monocytes can differentiate to form…

A

Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Neutrophils (sometimes)

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12
Q

Resident macrophages phagocytose PAMPs or DAMPs and then display the peptides on what?

A

MCH II

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13
Q

Resident macrophages will release what cytokines to elicit an innate immune response?

A

TNFalpha

IL-1

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14
Q

Cytokine inputs for Macrophages

A

GM-SCF
IL-3 (early on in differentiation)
M-CSF (later in differentiation)

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15
Q

Resident macrophages will release what cytokines after transcriptional reprogramming to elicit an innate immune response?

A

TNF-alpha

IL-1

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16
Q

FcR

A

Binds to constant region of Antibody

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17
Q

CR3

A

Complement Receptor and I-CAM-1

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18
Q

FcR and CR3 are what type of receptors?

A

Opsonic Receptors

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19
Q

Cytokines for classical activation of the M1 “angry” Macrophage

A

IFN-gamma

TNF-alpha

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20
Q

Cytokines for activation of the M2 “healing” Macrophage

A

IL-4

IL-13

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21
Q

Cytokine for deactivation of the macrophage

A

IL-10

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22
Q

Endothelial cells respond to INF-alpha by producing…

A

E-Selectins

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23
Q

Leukocytes in the capillaries undergo a 4 step process for recruitment to the site of infection.

A
  1. Rolling
  2. Tethering
  3. Adhesion
  4. Migration
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24
Q

Leukocytes will tether to E-selectin via…

A

CD15 (releasing cytokine IL-8 as well)

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25
Endothelial cells will make I-CAM-1 to interact with the Leukocyte's
CR3/LFA-1
26
I-CAM-1 and CR3/LFA1 interaction makes it possible for the Leukocyte to...
Migrate into the tissue from the blood vessel
27
Vascular Permeability can be stimulated if you activate the ________ system.
Kinen
28
Resident Macrophages will display peptides on MHC II to activate...
CD4+ T-Cells
29
If the CD4+ T-Cell is a Th1 class that attaches to the MHC II, then it can release...
IFN-gamma to activate the macrophage to an M1 macrophage.
30
What cells are the link between the innate and adaptive immune system?
Antigen Presenting Cells: Macrophages Dendritic Cells B-Cells
31
What does the innate immune response recognize?
PAMPs DAMPs Absence of "self" molecules
32
What is the role of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and cathelidins?
Interact with microbial cell membrane components to increase cellular permeability resulting in cell death through antimicrobial, chemotactic and regulatory activities.
33
What are Defensins?
B-strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds
34
What are Cathelicidins?
Cationic Helical Bactericidal Protein = alpha-helical peptides expressed by PMNs and epithelial cells
35
Human Neutrophil Peptide (HNP) 1-4 are expressed where?
Alpha Defensins produced in PMNs, Monocytes, lymphocytes, NK Cells
36
Human Defensins (HD) 5-6 are expressed where?
Alpha Defensins produced in Paneth cells of small intestine
37
Human Beta Defensing (HBD) 1-4 are expressed where?
Beta Defensins produced in epithelial tissues, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells
38
Types of PAMPs
LPS, PGN, Lipopeptides, Flagellin, bacterial DNA, viral dsRNA
39
Types of DAMPs
Intracellular proteins and protein fragments from extracellular matrix
40
The signaling cascades from TLRs activate what?
Interferon Regulatory Factors, AP-1, NF-kB
41
dsRNA binding to TLR3/TLR4 signaling results in...
IRF3 transcribing Type 1 IFN-B
42
Lipoprotein binding to TLR 1, 2, or 6 or Flagellin binding to TLR 5 signaling results in...
AP-1 and NF-kB transcribing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12
43
ssRNA binding to TLR7/8 and CpG-DNA binding to TLR9
IRF7 transcribing Type 1 IFN-alpha
44
Hallmarks of Inflammation
Edema Hyperthermia Local Hypoxia Extravasation
45
3 principle changes to tissue during acute inflammation
Increase blood supply Increase capillary permeability Increase leukocyte migration
46
Sites of Acute inflammation have:
Neutrophils and T-helper cells
47
Sites of Chronic inflammation have:
Macrophages, Cytotoxic T-cells and B-Cells
48
TNF-alpha
Produced by macrophages and mediates acute infmallation
49
IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-alpha
Produced by macrophages and mediates fever
50
IL-8 (CXCL8)
Produced by macrophages and chemotactic factor for PMNs, Basophils, T-cells
51
IL-12
Produced by macrophages to activate NK cells and CD4+ Th1 T-cells
52
What are the 3 types of myeloid DCs?
Langerhan's Cells Dermal/Interstitial DCs Monocyte-derived DCs
53
Describe Myeloid DC1s:
Diffuse | Produce IL-8 and IL-12
54
Describe Lymphoid DC2s:
Restricted to T-cell areas | Produce Type I IFNs
55
What cytokines activate NK cells?
IL-12 and TNF-alpha
56
What cytokines do NK cells produce?
INFgamma
57
Hematopoietic Stem Cell --> Lymphoid Progenitor
IL-3
58
Lymphoid Progenitor --> NK Cell
IL-2 | SCF
59
Congenital Neutropenia
Lack of GM-CSF (No myeloid progenitor cells) | Frequent bacterial infections (NK and CD8+ provide protection from viral infections --> lyphoid progenitors)
60
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Inability to kill phagocytosed bacteria
61
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)
Lack of integrin subunit, the common B-chain | Increased susceptibility to fungal, bacterial, viral infections
62
Complement defects
Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
63
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Defect in gene LYST (CHS1) --> Lysosomal trafficking gene | Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

IHO Week 1 (10 decks)

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