Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IHO Week 1 > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines for Hematopoietic Stem Cell –> Myeloid Precursor

A

IL-3

GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytokines for Myeloid Precursor –>
Basophil Progenitor
Eosinophil Progenitor
Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor

A

IL-3

GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytokines for Basophil Progenitor –> Basophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
IL-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytokines for Eosinophil Progenitor –> Eosinophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
IL-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytokines for Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor –> Neutrophil

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytokines for Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor –> Monocyte

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
M-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytokines for Monocyte –> Dendritic Cells

A

GM-CSF

IL-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytokines for Monocyte –> Macrophage

A

GM-CSF

M-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytokine for Monocyte –> Neutrophil (occasionally)

A

IL-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monocytes can differentiate to form…

A

Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Neutrophils (sometimes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resident macrophages phagocytose PAMPs or DAMPs and then display the peptides on what?

A

MCH II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resident macrophages will release what cytokines to elicit an innate immune response?

A

TNFalpha

IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytokine inputs for Macrophages

A

GM-SCF
IL-3 (early on in differentiation)
M-CSF (later in differentiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Resident macrophages will release what cytokines after transcriptional reprogramming to elicit an innate immune response?

A

TNF-alpha

IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FcR

A

Binds to constant region of Antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CR3

A

Complement Receptor and I-CAM-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FcR and CR3 are what type of receptors?

A

Opsonic Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cytokines for classical activation of the M1 “angry” Macrophage

A

IFN-gamma

TNF-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cytokines for activation of the M2 “healing” Macrophage

A

IL-4

IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytokine for deactivation of the macrophage

A

IL-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endothelial cells respond to INF-alpha by producing…

A

E-Selectins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Leukocytes in the capillaries undergo a 4 step process for recruitment to the site of infection.

A
  1. Rolling
  2. Tethering
  3. Adhesion
  4. Migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Leukocytes will tether to E-selectin via…

A

CD15 (releasing cytokine IL-8 as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Endothelial cells will make I-CAM-1 to interact with the Leukocyte’s

A

CR3/LFA-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

I-CAM-1 and CR3/LFA1 interaction makes it possible for the Leukocyte to…

A

Migrate into the tissue from the blood vessel

27
Q

Vascular Permeability can be stimulated if you activate the ________ system.

A

Kinen

28
Q

Resident Macrophages will display peptides on MHC II to activate…

A

CD4+ T-Cells

29
Q

If the CD4+ T-Cell is a Th1 class that attaches to the MHC II, then it can release…

A

IFN-gamma to activate the macrophage to an M1 macrophage.

30
Q

What cells are the link between the innate and adaptive immune system?

A

Antigen Presenting Cells:
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
B-Cells

31
Q

What does the innate immune response recognize?

A

PAMPs
DAMPs
Absence of “self” molecules

32
Q

What is the role of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and cathelidins?

A

Interact with microbial cell membrane components to increase cellular permeability resulting in cell death through antimicrobial, chemotactic and regulatory activities.

33
Q

What are Defensins?

A

B-strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds

34
Q

What are Cathelicidins?

A

Cationic Helical Bactericidal Protein = alpha-helical peptides expressed by PMNs and epithelial cells

35
Q

Human Neutrophil Peptide (HNP) 1-4 are expressed where?

A

Alpha Defensins produced in PMNs, Monocytes, lymphocytes, NK Cells

36
Q

Human Defensins (HD) 5-6 are expressed where?

A

Alpha Defensins produced in Paneth cells of small intestine

37
Q

Human Beta Defensing (HBD) 1-4 are expressed where?

A

Beta Defensins produced in epithelial tissues, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

38
Q

Types of PAMPs

A

LPS, PGN, Lipopeptides, Flagellin, bacterial DNA, viral dsRNA

39
Q

Types of DAMPs

A

Intracellular proteins and protein fragments from extracellular matrix

40
Q

The signaling cascades from TLRs activate what?

A

Interferon Regulatory Factors, AP-1, NF-kB

41
Q

dsRNA binding to TLR3/TLR4 signaling results in…

A

IRF3 transcribing Type 1 IFN-B

42
Q

Lipoprotein binding to TLR 1, 2, or 6 or Flagellin binding to TLR 5 signaling results in…

A

AP-1 and NF-kB transcribing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12

43
Q

ssRNA binding to TLR7/8 and CpG-DNA binding to TLR9

A

IRF7 transcribing Type 1 IFN-alpha

44
Q

Hallmarks of Inflammation

A

Edema
Hyperthermia
Local Hypoxia
Extravasation

45
Q

3 principle changes to tissue during acute inflammation

A

Increase blood supply
Increase capillary permeability
Increase leukocyte migration

46
Q

Sites of Acute inflammation have:

A

Neutrophils and T-helper cells

47
Q

Sites of Chronic inflammation have:

A

Macrophages, Cytotoxic T-cells and B-Cells

48
Q

TNF-alpha

A

Produced by macrophages and mediates acute infmallation

49
Q

IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-alpha

A

Produced by macrophages and mediates fever

50
Q

IL-8 (CXCL8)

A

Produced by macrophages and chemotactic factor for PMNs, Basophils, T-cells

51
Q

IL-12

A

Produced by macrophages to activate NK cells and CD4+ Th1 T-cells

52
Q

What are the 3 types of myeloid DCs?

A

Langerhan’s Cells
Dermal/Interstitial DCs
Monocyte-derived DCs

53
Q

Describe Myeloid DC1s:

A

Diffuse

Produce IL-8 and IL-12

54
Q

Describe Lymphoid DC2s:

A

Restricted to T-cell areas

Produce Type I IFNs

55
Q

What cytokines activate NK cells?

A

IL-12 and TNF-alpha

56
Q

What cytokines do NK cells produce?

A

INFgamma

57
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cell –> Lymphoid Progenitor

A

IL-3

58
Q

Lymphoid Progenitor –> NK Cell

A

IL-2

SCF

59
Q

Congenital Neutropenia

A

Lack of GM-CSF (No myeloid progenitor cells)

Frequent bacterial infections (NK and CD8+ provide protection from viral infections –> lyphoid progenitors)

60
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Inability to kill phagocytosed bacteria

61
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

A

Lack of integrin subunit, the common B-chain

Increased susceptibility to fungal, bacterial, viral infections

62
Q

Complement defects

A

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

63
Q

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

Defect in gene LYST (CHS1) –> Lysosomal trafficking gene

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

IHO Week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions