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IHO Week 1 > Anemia - Johns > Flashcards

Anemia - Johns Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anemia

A

Reduction in one or more of the following RBC concentration measurements:
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
RBC Count

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2
Q

What is the key test for anemia?

A

Reticulocyte Count (adjusted for hematocrit)

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3
Q

What are two causes of anemia?

A

Low RBC Production

Too Much RBC Destruction

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4
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A

Early precursors of mature blood cells

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5
Q

What is an increase reticulocyte count and when is it seen?

A

100,000 or more than 2-3% seen in blood loss and hemolytic processes

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6
Q

If the reticulocyte count is normal, this signals an issue with RBC…

A

Production

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7
Q

If the reticulocyte count is high, this signals an issue with RBC…

A

Increased Destruction

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8
Q

How do you determine RBC size?

A

MCV = Mean Corpuscular Volume

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9
Q

What is the MCV for Macrocytic Anemia?

A

MCV > 100

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10
Q

What are the two main causes for Macrocytic Anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiencies

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11
Q

What causes a Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

A

Decreased gastric secretion of intrinsic factor (rarely diet)

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12
Q

What causes a Folic Acid Deficiency?

A

Poor diet, alcohol, malabsorption, increased demand due to pregnancy or hemolytic anemias

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13
Q

What are Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid used for in the body?

A

DNA synthesis of deoxyuridate to thymidylate

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14
Q

Treatment for Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

B12 1mg/month IM or 1-2 mg/day po

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15
Q

Treatment for Folate Deficiency

A

Diet, Folate 1 mg/day

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16
Q

What is a secondary cause of Macrocytic Anemia?

A

Drugs that impair DNA synthesis such as AZT, Chemo, alcohol

17
Q

What is the MCV for Microcytic Anemia?

A

MCV

18
Q

What are the causes of Microcytic Anemia?

A

Iron Deficiency
Thalassemia
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic Anemia

19
Q

What labs should be seen for Iron Deficiency Anemia?

A 
Decreased Hemoglobin
Decreased Serum Iron
Decreased Iron Saturation (Fe/TIBC)
Decreased Ferritin
Normal/Increased TIBC - total iron binding capacity
20
Q

Thalassemias

A

Genetic defect found in Africans, Asians, and Mediterraneans in hemoglobin synthesis leads to ineffective erythropoiesis

21
Q

What is the MCV for Normocytic Anemia?

A

MCV = 80-100

22
Q

What are the causes for normocytic anemia?

A

Anemia of Chronic Disease (SLE, RA)
Mixed deficiencies
Renal Failure

23
Q

What labs should be seen for Anemias of Chronic Disease?

A

Decreased serum iron
Decreased serum TIBC
Normal/Increased Ferritin
Normal Fe/TIBC

24
Q

Define Sideroblastic Anemias

A

Heterogenous grouping with presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow

25
Q

What are the causes of Sideroblastic Anemia?

A

Alcohol, Hereditary (porphyria), Drugs

IHO Week 1 (10 decks)

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