INTRO TO IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards
Grew from observations of recovery and subsequent
protection from certain infectious diseases.
IMMUNITY
Derived from the Latin term immunis, meaning “exempt.”
IMMUNITY
Described a plague in Athens.He noted that, only those who had recovered could nurse the sick because they did not contract the disease a second time.
THUCYDIDES
Noticed that milkmaids with cowpox (Vaccinia virus) seem to be immune to acquiring smallpox
EDWARD JENNER
Dried smallpox crusts inhaled or inserted into cuts
VARIOLATION
cowpox
Vaccinia virus
small pox
variola virus
The cowpox and smallpox viruses belong to the same family, …, and share similar structural proteins and antigens.
Poxviridae
the memory cells generated in response to cowpox can recognize and respond to smallpox virus if it later enters the body.
antigenic similarity
He called the attenuated strain
Vaccine
Father of Immunology
LOUIS PASTEUR
anthrax bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
Founded to treat rabies victims
Pasteur Institute
what animal is tested in the anthrax experiment
sheep
Resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination.
HERD IMMUNITY
Smallpox eradication was achieved through
universal vaccination
Developed the first effective vaccine against polio
Jonas Salk
developed the first Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
Albert Sabin
Demonstrated that yellow fever is transmitted by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Walter Reed
Developed a live, attenuated vaccine against yellow fever
Max Theiler
Demonstrated immune protection could be transferred via serum
Emil von Behring
Shibasaburo Kitasato
Produces one’s own immunity through exposure to antigens
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
▪ Proposed by Paul Ehrlich in 1900.
▪ Cells express a variety of receptors (side-chain receptors) that can bind to infectious agents and inactivate them
Side-Chain Theory
showed gamma globulin (now immunoglobulin) is responsible for these activities.
▪ Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are crucial in humoral immunity.
Elvin Kabat
discovering the structure of immunoglobulins.
Sir Rodney Porter
Gerald Edelman
Identified phagocytes (white blood cells) as contributors to immunity.
Elie Metchnikoff
coined the term “phagocytosis”
Ernst Haeckel
secrete antibodies that defend against extracellular pathogens
humoral immunity
defend against infected cells, cancers and transplant tissues
cell-mediated immunity
Immunology can be defined as the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body.
IMMUNOLOGY
study of all aspects of the immune system, resistance to disease
IMMUNOLOGY
The condition of being resistant to infection
IMMUNITY
The structures, cells, and soluble constituents of the circulating blood that allow the host to recognize and respond to foreign (nonself) substances, such as antigens.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
A foreign substance that can stimulate the production
of antibodies
ANTIGEN
Specific glycoproteins produced in
response to antigenic challenge
ANTIBODIES
