Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Structure > Intro To HS > Flashcards

Intro To HS Flashcards

1
Q

Median-Sagittal Plane (aka mid-sagittal)

A

Plane that divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Any vertical plane parallel to median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Median plane of the hand

A

divides hand into equal left and right halves (denoted by 3rd digit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Median plane of the foot

A

divides foot into equal left and right halves (denoted by 2nd digit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transverse plane (aka axial or horozontial)

A

Parallel to the short axis/ground, perpendicular to long axis, dividing body in superior and inferior portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cranial (rostral)

A

towards the head (superior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail/hind (inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unilateral

A

affecting one side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bilateral

A

on or affecting both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side (ipse=self)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contralateral

A

on opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superficial fascia

A

AKA subQ tissue or hypodermis, containing loose connective tissue and adipose. Located between dermis of skin and deep fascia of underlying muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deep fascia

A

AKA investing fascia. Sheets or bands of connective tissue, containing collagen and some elastin/elastic fibers. Surrounds or envelops muscles, bone, nerves, vessels. Invaginates to separate layers of muscle and separates muscles into different compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Consists of cranial cavity and spinal cavity (continues by foramen magnum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Divided into 2 subcavities by diaphragm - thoracic and abdominopelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

2 pleural cavities, pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

GI, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen. AKA peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

internal reproductive systems and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Great Vessels

A

Pulmonary Trunk, Ascending Aorta, Vena Cava, pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aortic Arch

A

Left common carotid, L subclavian, brachiocephalic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brachiocephalic artery

A

Gives R common carotid, right subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Right subclavian

A

Right vertebral, right thyrocervical trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vena comitans or comitantes

A

Latin for accompanying vein. Arrangement of 2 deep veins accompanying medium sized arteries in upper and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood AWAY from heart. Thicker tunica media, internal and external elastic lamina to stand higher pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Veins

A

Return blood to heart . Thinner walled. Larger veins have valves formed by endothelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tunica Intima

A

endothelium; forms valves in large veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tunica media

A

smooth muscle; thicker in arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Primary lymphoid tissue

A

bone marrow, thymus; site of production/maturation of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Secondary Lymphoid tissue

A

Lymph nodes, appendix, peyer’s patches, tonsils, spleen. Mature naive immune cells, role in antigen presentation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Extracellular fluid, produced from plasma that leaves capillaries. 85-90% is taken back up, but the remaining 10 to 15% becomes lymphatic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

capillaries, vessels, trunks, and ducts making up a low pressure system responsible for lymph drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 pairs of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Relay impoulses back to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

somatic + autonomic effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Somatic effectors

A

1 nerve controlling skeletal muscle

37
Q

Autonomic effectors

A

visceral motor merves, 2 nerve communication acting on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

38
Q

Segmental Innervation

A

segmental development of embryo gives rise to segmental structures such as vertebrae, muscles, and skin regions (ex: each nerve innervates certain muscles and skin regions

39
Q

Flat bones

A

2 parallel layers of compact bone w/ layer of spongy bone in between. Protection and ample surface for muscle attachments

40
Q

Flat bone examples

A

skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae

41
Q

Short bones

A

roughly cubed shapes, spongy bone and thin outer layer of compact bone. Provide support and stability with little movement.

42
Q

Short bone examples

A

carpals and tarsals

43
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

small, round bones developing within tendons. Protect tendons from wear and tear by reducing friction. Ex: patella

44
Q

Long bones

A

longer than wide; movement and support. Consist of diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), and a medullary cavity filled with bone marrow

45
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

46
Q

epiphysis

A

end of long bone

47
Q

Long bone examples

A

femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, phalanges

48
Q

Irregular bones

A

complex shapes; often thin layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ex: vertebra, pelvic bones, mandible, sphenoid

49
Q

Sutural bones

A

AKA Wormian bones; small irregularly shaped bones along sutures, most commonly along lambdoid suture

50
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Suture between parietal and occipital lobe

51
Q

Facets

A

small flat surface for joint articulation

52
Q

condyles

A

rounded protuberance for joint articulation

53
Q

Trochlea

A

spool shaped structure, acting like pulley (ex: distal end of humerus)

54
Q

Fossa

A

depression in surface of bone, often on 1 side of articulation

55
Q

Groove/sulcus

A

lengthy depression on bone surface

56
Q

Elevations/Prominences

A

Act as attachment sites

57
Q

Crest/line

A

type of bony prominence

58
Q

Tubercle

A

small, rounded prominence (ex: humerus)

59
Q

Tuberosity

A

medium sized prominence (ex: gluteal tuberosity of femur)

60
Q

Trochanter

A

largest of prominences, describing prominences at proximal end of femur

61
Q

Tendons

A

dense, regular CT (mostly collagen fibers ) that attach muscle to bone

62
Q

Aponeurosis

A

flat sheet of dense, regular CT/flat sheet of tendon (ex: palmar aponeurosis)

63
Q

Ligament

A

Dense, regular CT attaching bone to bone

64
Q

Muscle naming criteria

A

Shape, location, action, connection

65
Q

Origin

A

muscle attachment to immobile skeletal structure

66
Q

Insertion

A

attachement ot mobile skeletal structure

67
Q

Cross 1 joint

A

muscles that cross 1 joint move 1 skeletal structure

68
Q

Cross 2 joints

A

muscles that cross 2 joints move 2+ structures

69
Q

Anterior surface insertion

A

Medial rotation

70
Q

Posterior surface insertion

A

lateral rotation

71
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angel between 2 body parts (ex: flexion at knee decreases angle between knee and thigh) AKA moving closer

72
Q

Extension

A

Increasing angle btwn 2 body parts or returning to anatomical position (ex: extension at knee increases angle btwn femur and tibia)

73
Q

ADduction

A

moving toward median plane

74
Q

ABduction

A

moving away from median plane

75
Q

Circumduction

A

compound movement at ball joints in circular motion (combines flexion, extension, adduction, abduction)

76
Q

Medial (internal) rotation

A

rotational movement toward midline

77
Q

Lateral (external) rotation

A

movement away from midline

78
Q

Lateral flexion

A

bending of spine away from midline

79
Q

Rotation

A

about longitudinal axis (shaking head no)

80
Q

Elevation

A

movement superiorly

81
Q

depression

A

movement inferiorly

82
Q

protraction

A

anterolateral movement of scapular

83
Q

Rectraction

A

posteromedial movement of scapula

84
Q

Opposition

A

bringing thumb and 5th digit together

85
Q

Reposition

A

returning thumb to anatomical position

86
Q

dorsiflexion

A

toes up

87
Q

plantarflexion

A

toes down

88
Q

Inversion

A

sole points medially

89
Q

eversion

A

sole points laterally

Human Structure (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions