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Human Structure > Human Development #4 > Flashcards

Human Development #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Summarize what occurs in week 4 of development.

A

Organization of mesoderm and body folding to create 3-d body plan

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of tissue that can make up the mesoderm?

A

May be epithelial or mesenchymal

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3
Q

What are the regional groupings of mesoderm?

A

Paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm

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4
Q

Describe the locational development of mesoderm regional groupings

A

Cephalo-caudal development (begins at cranial end)

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5
Q

What is initial step involving paraxial mesoderm in mesoderm development

A

Paraxisal mesoderm begins forming segmentations.

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6
Q

Somitomeres → cephalic somitomeres

A

Partially segmented structures formed at cranial end of paraxiae mesoderms

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7
Q

What does the more caudal paraxial mesoderm form after completely segmenting?

A

Occipital somites

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8
Q

What is the most caudal structure to form from paraxial mesoderm?

A

Trunk somites, caudal to occipital somites

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9
Q

How many cephalic somitomeres form?

A

7

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10
Q

How many somites (occipital + trunk) form?

A

42-44

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11
Q

_____ stimulate the formations of spinal nerves?

A

Somites

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12
Q

Somites disperse to form _____ and _______

A

Sclerotomes and dermamyotomes

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13
Q

Sclerotome

A

Form axial skeleton

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14
Q

Myotome

A

Forms skeletal muscle

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15
Q

Dermatome

A

Forms endothelial cells of vessels + dermis

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16
Q

Dermateme

A

Forms endothelial cells of vessels + dermis

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17
Q

Syndetome

A

Tendon precursor cells

18
Q

Sclerotome

A

Bone and cartilage

19
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form?

A

Parts of the urogenital system

20
Q

Describe the organization of the lateral plate mesoderm

A

Splits into somatic and splanchnic mesoderm layers; resulting space is the embryonic coelom

21
Q

What forms from the embryonic coelom?

A

Future adult body cavities

22
Q

What forms on the ecotderm aspect of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Somatic Lateral plate mesoderm

23
Q

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm

A

with ectoderm forms somatopleure, with will become the outer body wall

24
Q

What forms from the endoderm of the lateral plat mesoderm?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm

25
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm

A

with endoderm forms splanchnopleure which will become visceral wall

26
Q

Somatopleure

A

somatic mesoderm +ectoderm = outer body wall

27
Q

splanchnopleure

A

splanchnic mesoderm + endoderm = visceral wall

28
Q

embryonic coelom

A

formed by splitting of lateral plat mesoderm; U-shaped

29
Q

What is the embryonic coelom continuous with?

A

With the extaembryonic coelom/chorionic cavity

30
Q

induction

A

process whereby one group of cells determines the development of another group of cells (ex: hensen’s node in formation of secondary body axis)

31
Q

body folding

A

transforms the trilaminar embryonic disk into a tub within a tube during week 4 of edevelopment

32
Q

median folds

A

head to tail folds

33
Q

head fold

A

cardiogenic region and oropharyngeal membrane swing ventrally and caudally

34
Q

tail fold

A

cloacal membrane swings ventrally and cranially, in which part of yolk sac is incorporated into embryo as primitive gut tube

35
Q

What forms the primitive gut tube

A

portion of the yolk sac that is incorporated

36
Q

horizontal folding

A

lateral folds - lateral plate mesoderms move ventrally and medially
-splanchnic LP mesoderm surrounds the primitive gut tube
-somatic lop mesoderm participates in outer body wall formation

37
Q

What establishes the primary body axis?

A

primitive node and notochord

38
Q

What may set up left-right axis?

A

beating of cilia

39
Q

situs inversus

A

clinical condition where left-right axis is partially of completely reversed. Approximately 20% of cases have abnormal cilia function

40
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

failure of development of 2 hemispheres (single brain ventricle, cyclopia) - defect in 3rd week of development. OH consumption or genetic defect in SHH gene?

41
Q

sirenomelia

A

Insufficient mesoderm development in caudal region - problem in gastrulation. Effects all caudal mesoderm derived structures

42
Q
A

Human Structure (10 decks)

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