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Human Structure > Intro to ANS > Flashcards

Intro to ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Autonomic Nervous System

A

regulation of involuntary physiologic process

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2
Q

Give examples of involuntary physiologic processes

A

heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, sexual arousal

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3
Q

Anatomically distinct divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

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4
Q

Type of nerves/action of ANS

A

Visceral motor; motor fibers (multipolar) carry info toward targets in PNS

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5
Q

sensory ANS “associated”

A

pseudo unipolar fibers that provide a mechanism to monitor activities of ANS

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6
Q

Is the ANS primarily sensory or motor

A

Simply - viceromotor

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7
Q

Somatic

A

structures associated with outer body wall, derived from ectoderm, paratial mesoderm, and somatic LP of mesoderm). Conscious motor and sensation

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8
Q

Visceral

A

structures associated with inner organs; derived from splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, endoderm. Includes glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Unconscious and involuntary movement of your viscera

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9
Q

How many neurons make up the ANS unit?

A

2 neuron-system in periphery

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10
Q

Visceral afferents

A

pseudo-unipolar fibers that transmit info that we cannot perceive (osmolality, pain of viscera) to the CNS. Located in dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

Visceral efferents

A

multipolar motor fibers from ANS relay info toward targets in 2 neuron peripheral connection; functions: organ movement, vasoconstriction, airway diameter. Control of cardiac and smooth muscle, glandular tissue

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12
Q

preganglionic axons

A

originate from neurons in CNS and travel to peripheral ganglion

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13
Q

postganglionic axons

A

axons originating from the cell bodies making up ganglia, travel to target tissue

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14
Q

List the similarities between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

A
  • both efferent systems
    -both involve regulation of the internal environment
    -both involve 2 neurons that synapse at peripheral ganglia
    -Innervate glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
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15
Q

Target tissues of the sympathetics

A

-Organs of head, neck, trunk, external genitalia
-adrenal medulla
-sweat glands
-arrector pili
-all vascular smooth muscles
»>ALL TISSUES

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16
Q

Target tissues of parasympathetics

A

-organs of head, neck, trunk, external genitalia
»» “INTERNAL ONLY”

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17
Q

Function/anatomical characteristics of the sympathetics

A

“fight of flight”
preganglionic neurons in thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Chain ganglia alongside vertebral colum
Sympathetic tone is “always on”

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18
Q

Function/anatomical characteristics of the parasympathetics

A

“feed and breed” & “rest and digest”
preganglionic from cranium through cranial nerves, some in sacral spinal cord

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19
Q

Effectors receiving sympathetic innervation only

A

adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, many blood vessels

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20
Q

Sympathetic vasomotor tone

A

baseline action potential
increase in firing frequency = vasoconstriction
decrease in firing frequency= vasodilation
can shift blood supply to organs as needed

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21
Q

Sympathetic stimulation ______ blood to skeletal/cardiac muscles while ____ blood flow to skin

A

Increases; Decreases

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22
Q

Where are sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies located?

A

In paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) OR preaortic (prevertebral) ganglia

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23
Q

Where are parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies located?

A

in, on, or near the walls of their target organs

24
Q

Where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies?

A

Located in lateral horn of T1 to L2 spinal cord. Axons go to sympathetic chain

25
Q

Where to sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel from the chain ganglia?

A

supply everything from top of head to bottom of feet, axons travel with all spinal nerves going to muscles/skins

26
Q

Where do the axons of sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel from preaorrtic ganglia?

A

amdominopelvic organs

27
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate?

A

Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, X
Lateral horns of S2-S4

28
Q

Where do are sympathetic postganglionic neurons located?

A

In or near the wall of the organ being supplied (except head)

29
Q

Rami Communicans

A

connections from segmental nerves to sympathetic chain

30
Q

White Rami Communicans

A

Myelinated preganglionic axons from Ventral primary ramus to sympathetic ganglia
Found only wehere preganglionic cells exist in spinal cord. (T1 to L2)

31
Q

Grey Rami Communicans

A

unmyelinated postganglionic axons travel from sympathetic chain ganglia to segmental nerves
associated with. ALL segmental nerves
Carries sympathetic supply for different levels of the body

32
Q

Options for travel of sympathetic preganglionic neurons

A
  1. Synapse in chain at same level
  2. Travel up chain to synapse at higher level
  3. Travel down chain to synapse at lower level
  4. Pass through chain to. synapse at pre-aortic ganglia
33
Q

Functions of sympathetic nervous system on body wall/limbs

A

Erector pili muscles of skin (smooth m. )
Sweat glands
Vascular smooth muscle

34
Q

Splanchnic nerves

A

Provide sympathetic innervation to visceral organs and DO NOT synapse at chain ganglia

35
Q

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of splanchnic nerves located

A

pre-aortic ganglia, travel with blood vessels

36
Q

How do thoracic splanchnic nerves reach the pre-aortic ganglia?

A

by leaving the sympathetic trunk ventrally

37
Q

What are preganglionic axons destined to innervate?

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

38
Q

How do the postganglionic fibers of sympathetic splanchnic nerves travel?

A

With arterial supply

39
Q

3 Major types of sympathetic splanchnic nerves

A

Thoracic, lumbar, sacral

40
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

arise from T5 to T12 spinal cord levels

41
Q

Lumbar splanchnic

A

arise from L1-L2

42
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves

A

arise from lumbar spinal cord levels descend the chain to make their way to pelvic organs (mostly preganglionic)

43
Q

Do parasympathetic neurons synapse in the chain ganglia?

A

NO
at a ganglion located in, at, or on target organ

44
Q

How do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons travel?

A

within organ walls

45
Q

What is the path of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

A

Travel from brainstem (CIII, VII, IX, X) or spinal cord to ganglion in target organ for synapse

46
Q

Vagus nerve

A

CN X; parasympathetic innervation to visceral organs from nexk, thorax, abdomen through the foregut to transverse colon of midgut
-ends at transverse colon wherre. pelvic. splanchnic nerves take. over parasympathetic innervation

47
Q

Give an example of a parasympathetic target of the vagus nerve

A

Cardiac ganglia
esophageal plexus
spleen
splenic flexture of colon

48
Q

acetylcholine

A

chemical transmitter at most junctions of ANS and skeletal m.
Released by all preganglionic neurons of PSNS and SNS
Released by all postganglionic PSNS
Sweat gland postganglionic of SNS

49
Q

Norepinephrine

A

NT released only by Postganglionic of SNS (except sweat glands)

50
Q

Epinephrine

A

NT release by adrenal medulla

51
Q

How do visceral afferents run?

A

with sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves
cell bodies located in DRG
Nerves end in the viscera

52
Q

Referred pain

A

pain. originating in visceral structure, perceived as being from an area of skin innervated by same segmental level as visceral afferent. Result of “cross talk” in dorsal horn between somatic and visceral afferents

53
Q

what surgery to control peptic ulcers can result in gastroparesis?

A

surgical vagotomy

54
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

characterized by constriction of blood vessels, provoked by cold exposure of emotional stress
=> Sympathetic hyperactivity

55
Q

Referred pain site of stomach

A

upper back, between scapulae

56
Q

Referred pain site of gallbladder, liver, duodenum

A

Right trapezius fold extending posteriorly to approximately cover scapulae (diaphragm irritation)

57
Q

Referred pain site of kidney and ureter

A

extending from inguinal region posteriorly to lumbar region

Human Structure (10 decks)

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