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Jason's MD2 Pathology > Intro to Haematology > Flashcards

Intro to Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

haematology covers 3 broad areas:

A
  1. clotting/bleeding
  2. transfusion
  3. disorders
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2
Q

macrocytosis can be caused by?

A

B12 deficiency
antimetabolites
anti-retrovirals

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3
Q

haemolysis investigations include 2 things:

A
  1. confirming (bilirubin, LDH, reticulocyte count)

2. investigating cause

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4
Q

3 reasons for haemolysis intrinsic to red cells?

A

Enzymes (G6PD)
Haemoglobin (sickle)
Membrane

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5
Q

2 reason for haemolysis extrinsic to red cells?

A

Immune

Non-immune:

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6
Q

when do a bone marrow biopsy?

A
  • unexplained anaemias
  • if suspect bone marrow pathology
  • cancers
  • iron stores
  • transplant
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7
Q

what to test in bone marrow biopsies?

A
  • morphology

- flow cytometry, cytogenetics, molecular testing

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8
Q

what factors are in intrinsic pathway?

A

XII
XI
IX
VIII

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9
Q

APTT tests which factors in common pathway?

A

X
V
II(thrombin)
fibrinogen

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10
Q

PT/INR tests which extrinsic factor?

A

VII

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11
Q

PT/INR tests which common factors?

A

X
V
II
fibrinogen

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12
Q

factor XIII tested in APTT or PT/INR?

A

neither

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13
Q

3 ways to measure thrombotic tendency?

A
  1. clotting assays
  2. genetic
  3. antithrombin/protein C&S levels
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14
Q

Factor V Leiden has resistance to?

A

protein C so it will more likely clot

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15
Q

how to monitor heparin?

A

APTT

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16
Q

how to monitor clexane?

A

Xa

17
Q

what factor is missing in haemophilia A?

A

factor VIII

18
Q

what is von willebrand disease?

A

most common:

deficiency in protein carrier for VIII, low VIII>prolonged APTT

19
Q

thalassaemias leads to what in Hb?

A

reduced production in a or B chains/imbalance

20
Q

what is the only way to confirm a or B thalasaemia?

A

genetic testing

21
Q

what does liquid chromatography do?

A

measures proportions of a and B chains

Alpha Thal: looks normal cause all Hbs have alpha chains

22
Q

what does haemoglobin electrophoresis do?

A

separates Hb

23
Q

blood grouping takes how long?

A

20-30minutes

Jason's MD2 Pathology (14 decks)

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