Cardiac Pathology

Question 1

recent infarcts look how on macro?

Answer 1

not pale

maybe a bit red

Question 2

in MI, when do neutrophils arrive on scene?

Answer 2

12-24 hours

Question 3

normal ewight of heart?

Answer 3

300-350g

Question 4

how to myocytes look in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

myocyte disarray

interstitial fibrosis

Question 5

how does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kill?

Answer 5

fatal arrythmia

outflow obstruction

Question 6

who gets hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 6

younger patients

usually present before 4th decade

Question 7

in global ischaemia of brain, what happens to cortex?

Answer 7

cortical thinning from neuronal necrosis

Question 8

shock will do what to?
Heart?
Liver?
Kidney?

Answer 8

Heart: subendocardial ischaemia
Liver: centrilobular necrosis
Kidney: ATN

Question 9

what is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 10

dilated cardiomyopathy aetiology?

Answer 10

genetic usually

Question 11

what happens in restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 11

rigid, not thickened ventricles

impaired diastolic filling

Question 12

5 main groups of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 12

dilated
hypertrohpic
restrictive
arrythmogenic
unclassified

Question 13

what happens in arrythmogenic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 13

cardiomyocytes get replaced by fibrofatty tissue, can’t conduct

Question 14

what is myocarditis?

Answer 14

inflammation/necrosis of myocytes not from ischaemia

Question 15

causes of myocarditis?

Answer 15

infection: viral, bacterial
sarcoidosis
rheumatic fever
diptheria
drugs
transplant rejection

Question 16

if there are lymphocytes in tissue, think?

Answer 16

virus

Question 17

people with cardiac sarcoid symptomatic?

Answer 17

usually not:

Question 18

sudden death definition?

Answer 18

unexpected fatal event within 1hour of onset of symptoms in apparently healthy person

Question 19

example of mechanical cardiac death?

Answer 19

massive PE
tamponade
aortic rupture

Question 20

most common cause of sudden cardiac death?

Answer 20

ventricular fibrillation causing arrhythmia

Question 21

5 causes of coronary artery disease in young people?

Answer 21

congenital
vasculitis
emboli
spontaneous dissection
atherosclerosis

Question 22

2 kinds of vasculitis in CAD in young people?

Answer 22

Kawasaki’s: fever 5

Question 23

causes of sudden cardiac death in young people?

Answer 23

Coronary artery
aortic rupture
myocardium
morphological conduction abnormalities
valves
cocaine
drugs

Question 24

5 causes of sudden death in athletes

Answer 24

hypertrophic cardiomypathy
congenital coronary artery anomalies
aortic rupture/dissection
coronary athersclerosi
arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Question 25

5 causes of sudden death in athletes

Answer 25

hypertrophic cardiomypathy
congenital coronary artery anomalies
aortic rupture/dissection
coronary athersclerosis
arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy