Genetics vs. Genomics?
genetics: single genes
genomics: all genes + interactions
cancer mostly caused by somatic or germline?
somatic
what is passenger mutation?
somatic mutation NOT contributing to cancer
somatic mutations?
ANY change from patient germline DNA
Driver mutation is?
change in DNA that contributes to cancers
epigenetic changes example? usually affects?
promoter methylation usually affects TSGs
3 large scale nucleotide sequence changes?
translocation
amplification
intsertion or deletion
what is a mutator phenotype?
cells lose normal DNA repair mechanisms increasing rate of mutation
oncogenes are dominant or recessive? compared to TSGs?
oncogenes: dominant
TSG: recessive
Driver mutations happens in which genes usually?
oncogenes
TSGs
passenger mutation happens in which genes?
anywhere in genome
New Cancer drugs target what generally?
try to get all 10 hallmarks of cancer
Cancers from same site can look?
genetically heterogenous
what limits standard chemo dosage?
kills too many good rapidly dividing cells
why are targeted therapies effective vary?
cancer genetically heterogenous
MAPK signaling hallmark is?
sustained proliferative signaling
Trastuzumab/Herceptin does what?
interferes with HER2 function
which breast cancers respond to trastuzumab?
only ones with HER2 amplification
BRAF V600E in MAPK is in which cancer?
melanoma
monoclonal antibodies act where on cell?
cell surface
where does small molecule inhibitor act?
cell cytoplasm
EGFR part of what cancers?
15% of non-cmall cell lung cancers
patients who have activating KRAS mutations do or do not respond to cetuximab?
DO NOT
Imatinib helps with what disease? what gene?
BCR-ABL
CML
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Quality of Path Tests6
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Iron Studies42
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Lung Malignancy22
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Small and large intestines part220
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Pathology Interpretation6
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Into to Anatomical pathology9
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Approach to Elderly Patient16
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Intro to Haematology23
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Cancer Genetics & Genomics26
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Cardiac Pathology25
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Lung Pathology 228
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Breast Pathology29
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Small and Large Intestines16
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Post-op Fever24
