Intro to Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive system

Answer 1

a muscular tube open at both ends with attached accessory structures
- 2 parts

Question 2

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 2

Also known as the alimentary canal
- Part of the digestive system
- extracts valuable carbs from food and secretes waste
Contains:
Oral cavity, pharynx (oro and laryngo), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 3

Accessory Digestive Organs

Answer 3

-Part of the digestive system
-most found in abdominopelvic cavity
Contains:
(1)teeth, tongue, salivary glands
- associated with oral cavity, mechanically and chemically breaks down food in the oral cavity
(2) gall bladder, liver, pancreas
- associated with small intestine, further chemical breakdown

Question 4

Layers of the GI Tract

Answer 4

1. Mucosa Layer (superficial innermost)
2. Submucosal Layer
3. Muscularis Layer
4. Serosa Layer (deep outermost)

Question 5

Mucosa Layer

Answer 5

innermost layer, associated with the lumen of the large intestine
- glands of the submucosa empty into the lumen of the mucosa layer
3 LAYERS:
- Epithelial: lumen
- Lamina Propria: specialized connective tissue layer
- Muscularis Mucosae

Question 6

Submucosal Layer

Answer 6

Contains glands and is a specialized connective tissue layer
- submucosal plexus of nerves

Question 7

Muscularis Layer

Answer 7

2 Layers:
- Circular: inner
- Longitudinal: outer
In between the two layers is the Myenteric plexus of nerves (nervous tissue)

Question 8

Serosal Layer

Answer 8

2 Layers:
- Epithelium
- Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 9

Peritoneum

Answer 9

Double-layer serous membrane that covers some of the digestive system structures
2 Layers:
- Parietal Layer: outside layer, can be specialized layers. Lines the abdominopelvic wall and folds back on itself forming a double membrane called Mesentery
- Visceral Layer: Lines the abdominal organs within the peritoneum

Question 10

Mesentery

Answer 10

Two layers of peritoneum through which nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics travel to and from an organ. Specialized layer of parietal pleura
- where the parietal peritoneum touch
FUNCTIONS:
- supports the intestines
- prevents intestinal twisting
- stores fat
- pathway for blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

How do organs make their way to the peritoneum sac?

Answer 11

Organs do not push into the peritoneal cavity, but they do push the peritoneum and try to get to where the sac is.

Question 12

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 12

contains serous fluid for lubrication of peritoneal surfaces

Question 13

“The” Mesentery

Answer 13

anchors jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall, and is a specific portion of the overall mesentery
-associated with the small intestine

Question 14

Peritoneal Ligament

Answer 14

two layers of the peritoneum that connect an organ to the body wall or another organ

Question 15

Omentum

Answer 15

Two layers of the peritoneum that connect the stomach to another organ

Question 16

Greater Omentum

Answer 16

Connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon (Gastrocolic ligament)
- overgrowth and fusion lead to a 4-layer structure
- protects the small intestine

Question 17

Lesser Omentum

Answer 17

Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and to the duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament)

Question 18

Intraperitoneal

Answer 18

Viscera invested in the visceral peritoneum

Question 19

Retroperitoneal

Answer 19

Viscera posterior to the parietal peritoneum
- either didn’t push into the sac or did and lost the attached layer
SAD PUCKER
- Suprarenal Glands (Adrenal)
- Aorta
- Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
- Pancreas
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending and descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus
- Rectum

Question 20

Secondary Retroperitoneal

Answer 20

Originally intraperitoneal organs that became fixed to the posterior abdominal wall during development. now retroperitoneal because the parietal peritoneal was lost as they moved to the posterior abdominal wall
+ Fusion (Toldt’s) Fascia
- Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
- Pancreas
- Colon (ascending and descending)

Question 21

Peritonitis

Answer 21

Acute inflammation of the peritoneum
- sac has serosal fluid in it to allow movement and reduce inflammation as things move past eachother
- possible for bacteria and microbes to get into the sac
CAUSE:
- contamination by infectious microbes during surgery or from rupture of abdominal organs