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GI/REPRO/ENDO > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Appendages

A

Specialization of epidermis
- pilosebaceous apparatus (hair, sebaceous glands, arrecto pili muscle
-sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)
-nails

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2
Q

Skin

A

2 Layers
- epidermis
-dermis
Superficial Fascia
-hypodermis

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3
Q

Functions of the skin

A

-protection
- permeability layer
-thermoregulation
-sensory perception
-immunologic defense
-dermatoglyphics

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Dermis

A

dense irregular connective tissue (type 1 and 3 collagen)
- sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)

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6
Q

Hypodermis

A

Fatty connective tissue, superficial fascia

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7
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A

-keratinocytes (80%)
-Melanocytes (5-10%)
-Langerhans Cells (5%)
-Merkel Cells (<1%)

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8
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

Basal Layer/Stratum Basale
Spinous Layer/ Stratum Spinosum
Granular Layer/ Stratum granulosum
Transitional Layer/ Stratum Lucidum
Horny Layer/ Stratum Corneum

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9
Q

Primary Healing

A

wound is closed by direct approximation of the would edges (surgery)

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10
Q

Secondary Healing

A

Spontaneous wound closure is a dual process of would contraction and epithelialization

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11
Q

Tertiary Healing

A

Wound is closed by active means after a delay or multiple days

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12
Q

Keratohyalin Granules

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM
- histidine rich protein
-filaggrin: filament aggregation problem
-polysaccharides and lipids
-provides keratin product for horny layer

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13
Q

Lamellar Granule

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM
- membrane coating granules
- primary intercellular lipid barrier to water

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14
Q

Immunologic Activity

A

Lymphocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells
-most lymphocytes are homed to the skin

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15
Q

Merkel’s Cells

A

Present in thick skin of palms and soles
-akin to epidermal epithelial cells, but with small dense granules
-contain free nerve endings forming a terminal disk at the base of these cells
-neuroendocrine or sensory mechanoreceptor function

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16
Q

Skin Color

A

Red Blood Cells: in dermal vascular beds
Carotenes: from exogenous foods stores in fatty tissue
Hemoglobin and Bilirubin: endogenous degredation
Melanin: pigment produced by melanocytes

17
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin
-Eumelanin (darker)
-Pheomelanin (red/yellow/lighter)
Send projections superficially in between stratum spinosum cells, block UV radiation

18
Q

Dermis

A

Deep to epidermis, support layer
-papillary dermis: type 3 collagen
-reticular dermis: tyle 1 collagen
Contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrecto pili muscle, and sweat glands

19
Q

Rete Pegs

A

Projections of the epidermis inferiorly into the dermis

20
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Appendages, finger like projections of the dermis

21
Q

What gives the skin protection against cross sectional forces

A

rete pegs and dermal papillae

22
Q

Meisner’s Corpuscle

A

Specialized nerve tissue, sensation within skin

23
Q

Hair follicles/ Pilo-Sebaceous Apparatus

A

Hair follicles live within the dermis
originally arose from epidermis
-sebaceous gland
- arrector pili muscle
-apocrine gland
- eccrine gland

24
Q

Hair follicle layers (ext to int)

A

External root sheath, internal root sheath, cuticle layer, cortex

25
Q

Hair follicle stages

A

Anagen: actively growing
Catagen: regressing
Telogen: resting

26
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

empty contents into hair follicle. found in axillary, areolar, and anogenital regions
-embedded in dermis and hypodermis
-innervated by adrenergic nerve fibers and are stimulated by fear/ excitement.

27
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A

voluminous producer of hypotonic sweat, directly on skin

28
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

exocytosis
-eccrine
-apocrine

29
Q

Apocrine Secretion

A

some parts of the cells are secreted
-Mammary Glands

30
Q

Holocrine Secretion

A

Whole cells are secreted
-Sebaceous glands

31
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Homeostatic process, maintains setpoint, biological control reflex

32
Q

Thermoregulation Reflex

A

Internal thermosensors detect changes in core body temp and direct reflexive effector output to increase either heat loss or heat production in order to bring core body temp back to setpoint
-Peripheral thermosensors: in skin
- Central thermosensors: hypothalamus, spinal cord, abdominal organs
REFLEX OUTPUT:
- autonomic nerves (sympathetic) (sweat glands, skin arterioles, adrenal medulla)
- somatic nerves (motor neurons of skeletal muscle)

GI/REPRO/ENDO (14 decks)

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