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GI/REPRO/ENDO > Female Repro: Ovaries > Flashcards

Female Repro: Ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired gonads anchored to uterus by ovarian ligament and broad ligaments (mesovarium)
-each follicle has 1 oocyte + granulosa cells -> Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone(P)

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2
Q

Menarche

A

when ovulation starts

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3
Q

Follicular Phases

A

Most variable phase (1-14days)
-FSH stimulates follicles to grow
-Estrogen stimulates endometrium
-ESTROGEN DOMINATED: estrogen continues to rise until day 14
— high levels estrogen -> LH Surge -> Dominant follicle ruptures -> Ovulation

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4
Q

Luteal Phase

A

NOT VARIABLE(days 14-28)
ruptured follicle -> corpus luteum (makes progesterone, maintains endometrium and early pregnancy)
PROGESTERONE DOMINATED
-if no fertilization, corpus luteum -> corpus albicans. Egg is expelled w endometrium during menstruation

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5
Q

Stages of follicular development

A

primordial -> primary -> secondary -> Graafian -> ovulation

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6
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Ovulation wound, site of progesterone production

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7
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

where scar is left after corpus luteum is not needed

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8
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes

A

Narrow 4 in tube extends from ovary to uterus
Function: Transport of oocytes and sperm by ciliary action and peristalsis, site of fertilization

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9
Q

Infundibulum

A

Open, funnel-shaped portion near the ovary (uterine tubes)

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10
Q

Fimbra

A

moving finger-like processes, sweep oocyte (uterine tubes)

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11
Q

Ampula

A

Central region of uterine tube, typically where fertilization occurs

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12
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrowest portion of uterine tube, joins with uterus

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13
Q

Mucosa (uterine tube)

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells, provide nutrients, and cilia move along ovum

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14
Q

Muscularis (uterine tube)

A

Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle, peristalsis helps move ovum down to uterus

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15
Q

Serosa (uterine tube)

A

Outer serous membrane

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16
Q

Uterus

A

Fist-sized muscular organ
-fundus
-body
-cervix
Site of menstruation and development of fetus

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17
Q

Position of uterus

A

Anteflexion: Normally projects anteriorly and superiorly over the urinary bladder

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18
Q

Retroversion

A

Posterior uterus, 1st 2nd or 3rd degree

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19
Q

Endometrium (uterus)

A

Simple columnar epithelium (functional layer)
- stroma of connective tissue and endometrial glands

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20
Q

Statum Functionalis

A

part of the endometrium, sheds during menstruation

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21
Q

Statum Basalis

A

Part of the endometrium, replaces stratum functionalis each month

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22
Q

Myometrium(uterus)

A

Thick muscular layer

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23
Q

Perimetrium (uterus)

A

Visceral peritoneum

24
Q

Fibroids (uterine luiomyomas)

A

smooth muscle tumors, common, benign

25
Q

Hormonal Changes in the Uterus (uterine cycle)

A

menstrual cycle (28 days) 3 phases
1. Menstruation: beginning of follicular phase, 1-3 days, endometrium shed w blood
2. Proliferative: endometrium grows, days 3-14, sensitive to estrogen
3. Secretory: Endometrium secretes mucus, days 14-28, sensitive to progesterone

26
Q

Menopause

A

Last period, 45-55 years of age

27
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Failure to menstruate
- stress, starvation, depression, intense exercise, lactation

28
Q

Signs of ovulation

A

increase in basal body temperature, pain

29
Q

Female Reproductive Cycle

A

Ovarian + uterine cycle
-controlled by monthly hormone cycle of hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and ovary
ovarian- changes in ovary during and after maturation of oocyte
uterine- preparation of uterus to receive fertilized ovum

30
Q

Cervix

A

muscular end of uterus projects into vagina

31
Q

Cervical os

A

opening full of thick mucus which prevents infection and bars sperm from entering uterus until day 14 when it thins out

32
Q

Human Papillomavirus

A

Virus that produces epithelial tumors of the skin and mucous membranes. Affects cervical transformation zone (squamous vaginal epithelium -> glandular mucosa of inner cervix/uterus). Only vaccine against cancer currently available is HPV accine

33
Q

Vagina

A

elastic muscular tube extending from the cervix to the outside of the body, distensible, moistened by cervical glands, acidity due to metabolic actions of bacteria
-non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-Bartholin;s Glands: mucous for lubrication

34
Q

How is the vagina oriented

A

In a healthy standing woman it is horizontally oriented.

35
Q

Mucosal Layer (vagina)

A

stratified squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue, large stores of glycogen breakdown to produce acidic pH: 3.8’4.5 through actions of Doederlein bacteria

36
Q

Muscularis Layer (vagina)

A

Smooth muscle allows considerable stretch

37
Q

Adventitia (Vagina)

A

loose connective tissue that binds it to other organs

38
Q

Hymen

A

connective tissue that separates the vagina from the vestibule
- area surrounded by labia

39
Q

Mons pubis

A

fatty pad over pubic symphysis

40
Q

Labia Majora/Minora

A

Folds of skin encircling vestibule with urethral and vaginal openings

41
Q

Clitoris

A

Body of erectile tissue

42
Q

Bulb of vestibule

A

Masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice

43
Q

Which erectile bodies form the body of the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

44
Q

Which erectile bodies form the body of the clitoris?

A

Corpora Cavernosa and bulb of vestibule

45
Q

Perineum

A

diamond shaped area between the thighs in both sexes. Muscles of the pelvic floor. Can be damaged during childbirth. Location of episiotomy
- bounded by public symphysis and coccyx

46
Q

Urogenital Triangle

A

Contains external genitals and urethral opening

47
Q

Anal Triangle

A

Contains anus

48
Q

Pelvic Floor

A

Both the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus) and the muscles of the perineum fill in the gap between the hip bones
-supports pelvic viscera and resists increased abdominal pressure.
-pierced by anal canal, vagina, and urethra in females

49
Q

Cystocele

A

Tissue between bladder and vagina weakens
-bladder bulges into vagina

50
Q

Rectocele

A

Tissue between rectum and vagina weakens

51
Q

3 Stages of Labor

A
  1. dilation
  2. expulsion
  3. placenta
52
Q

Dilation Stage

A

true labor begins (regular contractions) and cervix dilates (10cm)
- contractions ~30 s every 10-30min
-can last 8 hours
-amnicochronic membrane may break: Water burst

53
Q

Expulsion Stage

A
  1. contractions reach full intensity (~1min every 2-3min)
  2. cervix fully effaced and dilated
  3. baby passes cervix into vagina
  4. baby “crowns” head observed in vulva
  5. Baby delivered
54
Q

Placenta Stage

A

-uterus shrinks and continues to contract
- placenta delivered within 1 hour of birth
-500-600ml of blood lost

55
Q

Gland lobules

A

produce breast milk

56
Q

Suspensory ligaments (breast)

A

thick connective tissue bands

GI/REPRO/ENDO (14 decks)

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