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GI/REPRO/ENDO > Female Repro: Ovaries > Flashcards

Female Repro: Ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired gonads anchored to uterus by ovarian ligament and broad ligaments (mesovarium)
-each follicle has 1 oocyte + granulosa cells -> Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone(P)

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2
Q

Menarche

A

when ovulation starts

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3
Q

Follicular Phases

A

Most variable phase (1-14days)
-FSH stimulates follicles to grow
-Estrogen stimulates endometrium
-ESTROGEN DOMINATED: estrogen continues to rise until day 14
— high levels estrogen -> LH Surge -> Dominant follicle ruptures -> Ovulation

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4
Q

Luteal Phase

A

NOT VARIABLE(days 14-28)
ruptured follicle -> corpus luteum (makes progesterone, maintains endometrium and early pregnancy)
PROGESTERONE DOMINATED
-if no fertilization, corpus luteum -> corpus albicans. Egg is expelled w endometrium during menstruation

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5
Q

Stages of follicular development

A

primordial -> primary -> secondary -> Graafian -> ovulation

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6
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Ovulation wound, site of progesterone production

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7
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

where scar is left after corpus luteum is not needed

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8
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes

A

Narrow 4 in tube extends from ovary to uterus
Function: Transport of oocytes and sperm by ciliary action and peristalsis, site of fertilization

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9
Q

Infundibulum

A

Open, funnel-shaped portion near the ovary (uterine tubes)

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10
Q

Fimbra

A

moving finger-like processes, sweep oocyte (uterine tubes)

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11
Q

Ampula

A

Central region of uterine tube, typically where fertilization occurs

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12
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrowest portion of uterine tube, joins with uterus

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13
Q

Mucosa (uterine tube)

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells, provide nutrients, and cilia move along ovum

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14
Q

Muscularis (uterine tube)

A

Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle, peristalsis helps move ovum down to uterus

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15
Q

Serosa (uterine tube)

A

Outer serous membrane

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16
Q

Uterus

A

Fist-sized muscular organ
-fundus
-body
-cervix
Site of menstruation and development of fetus

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17
Q

Position of uterus

A

Anteflexion: Normally projects anteriorly and superiorly over the urinary bladder

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18
Q

Retroversion

A

Posterior uterus, 1st 2nd or 3rd degree

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19
Q

Endometrium (uterus)

A

Simple columnar epithelium (functional layer)
- stroma of connective tissue and endometrial glands

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20
Q

Statum Functionalis

A

part of the endometrium, sheds during menstruation

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21
Q

Statum Basalis

A

Part of the endometrium, replaces stratum functionalis each month

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22
Q

Myometrium(uterus)

A

Thick muscular layer

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23
Q

Perimetrium (uterus)

A

Visceral peritoneum

24
Q

Fibroids (uterine luiomyomas)

A

smooth muscle tumors, common, benign

25
Hormonal Changes in the Uterus (uterine cycle)
menstrual cycle (28 days) 3 phases 1. Menstruation: beginning of follicular phase, 1-3 days, endometrium shed w blood 2. Proliferative: endometrium grows, days 3-14, sensitive to estrogen 3. Secretory: Endometrium secretes mucus, days 14-28, sensitive to progesterone
26
Menopause
Last period, 45-55 years of age
27
Amenorrhea
Failure to menstruate - stress, starvation, depression, intense exercise, lactation
28
Signs of ovulation
increase in basal body temperature, pain
29
Female Reproductive Cycle
Ovarian + uterine cycle -controlled by monthly hormone cycle of hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and ovary ovarian- changes in ovary during and after maturation of oocyte uterine- preparation of uterus to receive fertilized ovum
30
Cervix
muscular end of uterus projects into vagina
31
Cervical os
opening full of thick mucus which prevents infection and bars sperm from entering uterus until day 14 when it thins out
32
Human Papillomavirus
Virus that produces epithelial tumors of the skin and mucous membranes. Affects cervical transformation zone (squamous vaginal epithelium -> glandular mucosa of inner cervix/uterus). Only vaccine against cancer currently available is HPV accine
33
Vagina
elastic muscular tube extending from the cervix to the outside of the body, distensible, moistened by cervical glands, acidity due to metabolic actions of bacteria -non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium -Bartholin;s Glands: mucous for lubrication
34
How is the vagina oriented
In a healthy standing woman it is horizontally oriented.
35
Mucosal Layer (vagina)
stratified squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue, large stores of glycogen breakdown to produce acidic pH: 3.8'4.5 through actions of Doederlein bacteria
36
Muscularis Layer (vagina)
Smooth muscle allows considerable stretch
37
Adventitia (Vagina)
loose connective tissue that binds it to other organs
38
Hymen
connective tissue that separates the vagina from the vestibule - area surrounded by labia
39
Mons pubis
fatty pad over pubic symphysis
40
Labia Majora/Minora
Folds of skin encircling vestibule with urethral and vaginal openings
41
Clitoris
Body of erectile tissue
42
Bulb of vestibule
Masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice
43
Which erectile bodies form the body of the penis?
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
44
Which erectile bodies form the body of the clitoris?
Corpora Cavernosa and bulb of vestibule
45
Perineum
diamond shaped area between the thighs in both sexes. Muscles of the pelvic floor. Can be damaged during childbirth. Location of episiotomy - bounded by public symphysis and coccyx
46
Urogenital Triangle
Contains external genitals and urethral opening
47
Anal Triangle
Contains anus
48
Pelvic Floor
Both the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus) and the muscles of the perineum fill in the gap between the hip bones -supports pelvic viscera and resists increased abdominal pressure. -pierced by anal canal, vagina, and urethra in females
49
Cystocele
Tissue between bladder and vagina weakens -bladder bulges into vagina
50
Rectocele
Tissue between rectum and vagina weakens
51
3 Stages of Labor
1. dilation 2. expulsion 3. placenta
52
Dilation Stage
true labor begins (regular contractions) and cervix dilates (10cm) - contractions ~30 s every 10-30min -can last 8 hours -amnicochronic membrane may break: Water burst
53
Expulsion Stage
1. contractions reach full intensity (~1min every 2-3min) 2. cervix fully effaced and dilated 3. baby passes cervix into vagina 4. baby "crowns" head observed in vulva 5. Baby delivered
54
Placenta Stage
-uterus shrinks and continues to contract - placenta delivered within 1 hour of birth -500-600ml of blood lost
55
Gland lobules
produce breast milk
56
Suspensory ligaments (breast)
thick connective tissue bands

GI/REPRO/ENDO (14 decks)

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