Endocrine- Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary Flashcards
Sympathetic Abdominopelvic Innervation
All sympathetic to GI and Repro organs (within abdominopelvic cavity) are from T1-L2 region of spinal cord
Parasympathetic Abdominopelvic Innervation
The supply to the proximal abdominal region are from CN X (vagus)
the supply to the distal abdominopelvic region are from pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4 sacral parasympathetic outflow)
Autocrine
A cell secretes a hormone that acts on the same cell
Paracrine
A cell secretes a hormone that acts on neighboring cells
Endocrine
A cell secretes a hormone that acts at a long distance
Endocrine system in homeostasis
Humoral slow responses to the internal environment
Endocrine Glands
Secrete into and delivered by the vascular system
-NO DUCTS
Exocrine Glands
Secrete into ducts
- SALIVARY GLANDS, LACRIMAL GLANDS, ETC.
Two Systems
- Hypothalamus -> pituitary-> target gland
- everything else
Hypothalamus
Sends and receives hormonal and other molecular signals via the vascular system, as well as neuronal signals.
FUNCTIONS: control of pituitary gland (both anterior and posterior), control of autonomic system, control of behaviors essential for survival (eat, sleep, etc)
Posterior Pituitary
neural portion
Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei: 2 hormones
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin)
- Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
produced by the supraoptic nuclei to regulate water balance by acting on the kidneys
Oxytocin
Produced by Paraventricular Nuclei and acts on mammary gland, milk release, and stimulates uterine contractions during birth
- also involved in parent-child bonding
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Tract
Chemicals from the hypothalamus are stored in the posterior pituitary and released into the vascular network.
