Digestive- Teeth and Salivary Glands

Question 1

Teeth and their types

Answer 1

Teeth are for mastification
- Incisors (8): for cutting
- Canines (4): tearing and piercing
- Premolars (8): grinding and crushing
- Molars (12): grinding and crushing

Question 2

How many teeth do adults have

Answer 2

32

Question 3

Deciduous teeth

Answer 3

primary teeth are temporary;
I=8, C=4, M=8
20 teeth total
PRIMARY TEETH ROOTS GUIDE THE ADULT CROWN INTO PLACE

Question 4

Dental Formula

Answer 4

divides the teeth into 4 quadrants
TOP 2 1 2 3
BOTTOM 2 1 2 3
order: incisor, canine, premolar, molar

Question 5

Adult Teeth Numbering System

Answer 5

Starts at upper right quadrant, posterior molar is #1
Upper: 1-16
Lower: 17-32

Question 6

Wisdom Teeth

Answer 6

third molars- 1, 16, 17, 32

Question 7

Children’s Teeth Lettering System

Answer 7

Starts at upper right quadrant, posterior molar is A
Upper: A-J
Lower: K-T

Question 8

Periodontal Tissue

Answer 8

gum, specialized epithelial tissue

Question 9

Oral Cavity Innervations

Answer 9

Upper oral cavity: CN V2
Lower oral cavity: CN V3

Question 10

Pulp Cavity

Answer 10

Center of teeth, receives blood vessels and nerves from the root canal (narrow tunnel @ base of tooth) which supports and nourishes the dentin
LIVING PART OF THE TOOTH

Question 11

Dentin

Answer 11

non-living boney matrix of tooth, largest portion of tooth, surrounded by enamel

Question 12

Enamel

Answer 12

above the gum (gingiva) line only, hardest known biological substance made of calcium phosphate crystals (Vit D and Ca2+)

Question 13

Gingivitis

Answer 13

Bacterial infection of gums

Question 14

Plaque

Answer 14

Sticky matrix on surface of teeth made by bacteria and trapped food particles
hardered= tartar

Question 15

Saliva

Answer 15

pH: 7.0, 1-1.5L/day
Composition: 97% water, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, mucus, amylase (digestive enzyme that breaks down sugar)

Question 16

Functions of saliva

Answer 16

cleanse mouth, antibacterial, carbohydrate digestion started, aids in chewing and swallowing

Question 17

Intrinsic Salivary Glands

Answer 17

minor glands, inside oral cavity associated with mucosa
- labial, palatal, lingual, buccal glands

Question 18

Extrinsic Salivary Glands

Answer 18

major glands, not as associated with mucosa and connected to the oral cavity by salivary ducts
- parotid, sublingual, submandibular

Question 19

Parotid Gland

Answer 19

largest, lateral face, parasympathetic CN IX
- Mumps: infected w myxovirus
- Parotid Duct: connection to oral cavity (1)

Question 20

Submandibular Gland

Answer 20

beneath mandible (wrapping around posterior border of mylohyoid). CN V. Part inside oral cavity (sublingual), part outside (submandibular)
- submandibular (Wharton’s) duct: exists caruncle, inferior to tongue tip (1)

Question 21

Sublingual Gland

Answer 21

Under tongue, anterior to tongue tip, CN V
- Sublingual (Rivinus’) Ducts: multiple ducts

Question 22

Swallowing: Voluntary Phase

Answer 22

tongue pushes food to the back of the oral cavity (oropharynx)

Question 23

Swallowing: Involuntary Phase

Answer 23

pharyngeal stage, food is moved into the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
- breathing stops and airways close
- soft palate and uvula lift to close off nasopharynx
- vocal cords close
- epiglottis is bent over airway as larynx lifts

Question 24

Swallowing in new borns

Answer 24

in newborns the epiglottis and the soft palate touch, the epiglottis is above the level of the soft palate and the larynx descends by 2 years of age
- allows the baby to nurse and breath at the same time

Question 25

Danger Space

Answer 25

Where pathogens and infections can spread from the base of the skull into the thorax. fascia boundary allows compartments to move past each other freely, but creates a space for spread of infection.

Question 26

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

Answer 26

Superior, middle and inferior
- efferent by CN X

Question 27

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 27

raises the pharynx when you swallow
- efferent by CN IX