Intro to Chem Flashcards
label the following as atom, element, molecule or compound:
- N
atom & element
label the following as atom, element, molecule or compound:
- N^2
molecule & element
label the following as atom, element, molecule or compound:
- N2O
- molecule & compound
what is the energy between like charged particles
repel
what is the energy between opposite charged particles
attract
what is Coulomb’s law
notes
what is a the role of a catalyst
speeds up reaction and doesn’t get reconsumed
what endothermic
absorbs energy from surroundings
what is Avogadro’s number
6.022 * 10^23 = 1 mol = mass in g
what is one atomic mass unit relative to Carbon
C/12
what charges identify an element
protons
what is nuclear force
where similar charged atoms stick together over small distances rather than repelling each other e.g. beryllium
what are valence electrons
those on the outer shell
what group doesn’t lose electrons easily
metals (excluding H)
what is an ion
a charged atom
what is a cation
+ve ion
what is an anion
-ve ion
how do ionic bonds form
electrons trying to lower potential energy
are ionic bonds shared
no, electrons are taken from the metal by the non metal because the metal wants to go to lower energy
how do we see electronegativity on the periodic table
incr. from left to right
what is ionisation energy
amount of energy to remove an electron
what is electronegative energy
energy for an electron to bond
what is the formula for mass in terms of moles
m = nM
where m = mass, n = number of mole, M = molar mass
what is the formula for moles in terms of volume
n = cV
where V = volume, c = concentration
what is the gas law
PV = nRT
what is the density formula
ro (p) = m/V
where m = mass, V = volume, p = density
what is the formula for pressure
P = F/A
where F = force applied, A = area
what does isoelectronic mean
they have the same electron configuration
what groups of elements are isoelectronic
main group metals & noble gasses
they become isoelectronic with each other
how do metals become isoelectronic
join with the halogen in the same row
what are the main group metals
1, 2, 13-18 and not metalloids
what is oxidation
the addition/removal of electrons (+ if removed, - if added)
what are the oxidation state rules (in order)
- pure elements are all 0
- F = -1
- metals: 1A = +1, 2A = +2, Al = +3
- H is usually +1, but -1 with a metal
- O = -2
- Halogens are -1
what are the oxidation sates of the 3 transition metals
Ag = +1, Zn = +2, Al = +3
what is magnesium cholride
MgCl2
what is aluminium carbonate
Al2(CO3)3
are covalent bonds shared
yes between 2 atoms
what is NaCl’s bond
ionic
what forms covalent bonds (types of elements)
non-metals & metalloids
what is carbon monoxide
CO
what is carbon dioxide
CO2
what is the greatest compound present in a solution
solvent
what does a solvent do
dissolves a solute
what are the different measurements of molarity
notes
