3. Organic Pathways & Buffers

Question 1

can you combine two anions

Answer 1

no, they will repel each other

Question 1

can you sub a H if it’s attached to a C

Answer 1

no

Question 2

can you sub a H if it’s attached to an N

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what is p(Ka)

Answer 3

-log(base10)Ka

Question 4

what is p(Kb)

Answer 4

-log(base10)Kb

Question 5

what is pH

Answer 5

-log(base10)[H+]
H+ can also be H3O

Question 6

what is pOH

Answer 6

-log(base10)[OH]

Question 7

what is pH + pOH

Answer 7

14

Question 8

what is strong acidity in pH

Answer 8

low pH

Question 9

what is a high pH in terms of acid

Answer 9

high pH, so high that it’s almost a base, not an acid

Question 10

what is a high pOH

Answer 10

weak base

Question 11

what is the K value for a weak acid

Answer 11

«1

Question 12

what is a chiral center and can it contain double bonds

Answer 12

an atom that has 4 different groups bonded to it

can’t contain doubles, only singles

Question 13

what is a stereocentre & can it contain double bonds

Answer 13

3+ bonds, can include double

Question 14

what base is often used in the reactions of haloalkanes (e.g. to dissolve the haloalkane)

Answer 14

NaOH sodium hydroxide

the OH group would break off the halogen and make an alcohol

Question 15

what is commonly used to add alkenes and what is the product

Answer 15

HCl hydrochloric acide or HBr hydrogen bromide

results in a haloalkane

Question 16

where will the H be added in alkene additions

Answer 16

to the side with less Hs

Question 17

how do we saturate a fatty acide

Answer 17

n(double bonds) * H2

Question 18

what are some reagents

Answer 18

acid, permangenate, acetic acid

H+, MnO4-,

Question 19

what is condensation polymerisation and what are the types

Answer 19

making water as a byproduct & a smaller chain and two types are eterification & amides

Question 20

what is an ester

Answer 20

alcohol + carboxylic acid

Question 21

what helps catalyse reactions in benzene rings

Answer 21

AlCl3 (aluminium trichloride)

R-Cl will replace a H (because there’s a halogen) on one point of the ring