Intro to cell/physiology lecture 3

Question 1

Example of simple diffusion through cell wall (without help of channel protein)

Answer 1

Gas (oxygen, CO2)

Question 2

Example of simple diffusion with help from channel protein

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

Example of facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

Example of primary active transport.

why is it primary?

Answer 4

Na+ K+ channel.

Because the ATPase enzyme is built into the pump and it uses ATP directly.

Question 5

Why does active transport require energy?

Answer 5

It is pumping AGINST a concentration gradient. (pumping something where it doesn’t naturally want to go)

Question 6

Because of the action of the Na+ K+ pump, what is the charge of the inside and outside of the cells?

Answer 6

Inside more negative.

Outside more positive.

Question 7

Integral protein

Answer 7

A protein that spans the thickness of the cell wall.

Question 8

Example of secondary active transport.

Answer 8

Ca++ channel (Na+Ca++ exchanger)

Question 9

Ca++ pump (Na+Ca++ exchanger)

Answer 9

Moves Ca++ out of cell
1 Ca++ goes out
3 Na+ go in

Question 10

Ca++ concentration inside and outside cell

Answer 10

Inside Ca++ is low

Outside Ca++ is high

Question 11

Where do Ca++ channels get their fuel?

Answer 11

They use the potential energy that is stored in the concentration gradient of Na+

Question 12

Na+ concentration inside and outside cell

Answer 12

Inside Na+ is low

Outside Na+ is high

Question 13

K+ concentration inside and outside cell

Answer 13

Inside K+ is high

Outside K+ is low

Question 14

Peripheral protein

Answer 14

A protein that is on one side of the cell or the other and doesn’t span the thickness of the cell wall.

Question 15

Glycocalyx and their location

Answer 15

Glycocarlyx are multiple sugars bound together called carbohydrates. They are on the outside of the cell wall, bound to proteins or the phosphate heads of phospholipids

Question 16

Purpose of glycocalyx on the cell wall

Answer 16

Sticky (allow for cells to stick together).
Repel proteins not normally associated with the cell (due to their negative charge).
Provide the cell with an ID tag used by the immune system to identify what doesn’t belong.

Question 17

What charge do proteins tend to carry?

Answer 17

Negative

Question 18

How do the kidneys repel proteins?

Answer 18

The kidneys don’t want to filter proteins so they have negatively charged structures where they don’t want proteins to go.

Question 19

Glycoproteins

Answer 19

Carbs bound to proteins on the cell wall (more of this kind)

Question 20

Glycolipids

Answer 20

Carbs bound to the phosphate head of phospholipids on the cell wall (less of this kind)

Question 21

Na+ plasma/extracellular concentration (mOsm/L H2O)

Answer 21

142

Question 22

Na+ intracellular concentration (mOsm/L H2O)

Answer 22

14

Question 23

Na+ ECF/ICF ratio

Answer 23

10:1

Question 24

K+ plasma/extracellular concentration (mOsm/L H2O)

Answer 24

4

Question 25

K+ intracellular concentration (mOsm/L H2O)

Answer 25

140

Question 26

K+ ECF/ICF ratio

Answer 26

1:30

Question 27

Ca++ ECF/ICF ratio

Answer 27

10,000:1

Question 28

Cl- ECF/ICF ratio

Answer 28

20:1

Question 29

Cl- has a concentration gradient that is similar to..

Answer 29

Na+

Question 30

When cells become more negative they become..

Answer 30

..more “inhibited”. (slow down)

Question 31

GABA receptors are mediated by..

Answer 31

Cl-

Question 32

HCO3- is a buffer that is most useful..

Answer 32

outside the cell

Question 33

HPO4 & H2PO4- (phosphates) are important buffers in..

Answer 33

urine and intracellular.

Question 34

Proteins are mostly located in or out of cells?

Answer 34

inside cells

Question 35

If a phosphate is stripped from ATP, it becomes..

Answer 35

ADP + Pi

Question 36

If a phosphate is stripped from ADP it becomes

Answer 36

AMP + Pi

Question 37

Creatine is..

Answer 37

a form of energy
can be phosphorylated (phosphocreatine)
has more energy than ATP
depleted in seconds
useful in skeletal muscle
mostly intracellular

Question 38

What happens to Phosphocreatine in the presence of ADP?

Answer 38

Phosphocreatine donates its phosphate to ADP creating ATP

Question 39

Amino Acids are located mostly..

Answer 39

inside cells

Question 40

Soluble in water:

Answer 40

Ions
Proteins (some)
Carbs
Gases
Buffers
Drugs (some)

Question 41

Insoluble in water

Answer 41

Cholesterol
Steroid hormones
Lipids
Drugs (some)

Question 42

In someone who is not obese, what % of their body wait is water?

Answer 42

60%

Question 43

1kg of water = ? L of water

Answer 43

1kg of water = 1L of water

Question 44

How much of your Total Body Water (TBW) is located intracellularly?

Answer 44

2/3

Question 45

How much of your Total Body Water (TBW) is located extracellularly?

Answer 45

1/3

Question 46

The % of water outside the cells but inside the cardiovascular system (plasma volume)?

Answer 46

20-25% of ECF

Question 47

The % of water outside the cells and outside the cardiovascular system (interstitial fluid ISF)?

Answer 47

75-80% of ECF