Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M2 Heme/Lymph > Intro to Anemia - Kroft > Flashcards

Intro to Anemia - Kroft Flashcards

1
Q

What ultimately causes the pathology in anemia?

A

decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are five adaptations to anemia?

A

1) Increased Red Blood Cell Production
2) Increased 2,3-DPG
3) Shunting Blood from Non-vital Organs
4) Increased Cardiac Output
5) Increased Pulmonary Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is anemia a symptom or a disease?

A

A symptom; a cause must be found for anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three GENERAL causes of anemia?

A

Blood loss
Decreased Production
Accelerated Destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are anemias classified?

A

Morphlogically, by size and/or color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some causes of microcytic anemia?

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia traits
Hemoglobinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some causes of normocytic anemia?

A 
Chronic Disease
Renal Failure
Marrow Infiltration
Aplastic Anemia
Blood Loss
Hemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some causes of macrocytic anemia?

A

B12/Folate deficiency
Liver Disease
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the most useful tests for an anemia?

A

Hemoglobin Concentration- determines ability to carry O2

Mean Corpuscular Volume- determines class of anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between a megaloblastic and a non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia?

What are some causes of megaloblastic anemia?

A

Megaloblastics are caused from impaired DNA synthesis

B12/Folate deficiency
some drugs
Myelodysplastic syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some common causes of spherocytes?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some causes of target cells?

A

Liver Disease
Splenectomy
Hemoglobinopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some causes of elliptocytes?

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis
Megaloblastic Anemia
Iron Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some causes of teardrop cells?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia
MYelodysplastic Syndrome
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some causes of schistocytes?

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Malignant Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes bite cells?

A

G6PD Deficiency

17
Q

What do hypochromic and hyperchromic cells indicate?

A

hypochromia indicates a lack of hemoglobin

hyperchromia indicates very high levels of hemoglobin

18
Q

What are Howell-Jolly Bodies?

In which conditions can you see them?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies are nuclear inclusions

Splenectomy, Megaloblastic anemia

19
Q

What are Pappenheimer bodies?

In which conditions can you see them?

A

Iron granules

Splenectomy, Iron overload

20
Q

What is basophilic stippling?

In which conditions can you see them?

A

Ribosomes with RNA accumulation

Lead poisoning
Thallesemia

21
Q

What is a rouleaux?

What does it indicate?

A

Stacking of red blood cells

increased serum proteins

22
Q

What is agglutination?

What does it indicate?

A

clumping of red blood cells

presence of IgM RBC antibodies

23
Q

What are the stages seen in anemia due to acute blood loss?

A
  • initial lack of anemia
  • fluid movement from intracellular to extracellular compartments causes anemia
  • reticulocyte counts increase 7-10 post hemorrhage
24
Q

What is seen in anemia due to chronic blood loss?

A

Increased reticulocytes and iron deficiency after enough time

25
Q

Where does RBS production take place as an embryo? As a fetus?

A

Yolk sac

Liver

26
Q

What are normoblasts?

A

Nucleated RBC precursors (AKA erythroblasts)

27
Q

How do normoblasts acquire iron?

A

Transferrin from the blood transports iron to normoblasts

28
Q

How many reticulocytes are produced from a normoblast?

What is the reticulocytes:normoblasts in the marrow?

A

16

about 1:1

29
Q

How long do reticulocytes stay in the marrow?

How long after being released from the marrow do they mature?

A

1-2 days

about a day

30
Q

What are reticulocyte counts used to measure?

How is the reticulocyte count presented?

A

RBC production

Corrected for hemoglobin
Reticulocyte % *(Hg/45)

31
Q

What are some general causes of decreased RBC production?

A

Decreased Erythropoietin
Stem cell defect
Marrow Replacement
Congential Disorders

32
Q

Describe the general structure of an RBC

A
  • Biconcave disc
  • Extremely flexible
  • Osmotically flexible
  • supported by ankyrins, spectrins, and membrane proteins
33
Q

Why doesn’t increased destruction of RBCs usually cause problems?

A

Given enough folate, iron, and otherwise good health, the marrow can produce RBCs at 8 times the rate needed in a typical person

34
Q

What causes extravascular hemolysis?

A

Decreased RBC deformability

35
Q

What happens to heme when a RBC is lysed?

A

It is scavenged by a macrophage or picked up by hemopexin/haptoglobin and taken to the liver

M2 Heme/Lymph (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions