Hemolytic Anemia Study Guide Flashcards
What is the difference between anemia from an acute bleed and anemia from a chronic bleed?
In acute blood loss, blood volume is compromised, but cells are fine. This results in a normocytic anemia.
In chronic blood loss, you usually have iron deficiency, which results in hypochromatic, microcytic anemia.
What is hereditary spherocytosis?
How is it inherited?
Defect in cytoskeleton proteins, such as ankyrin or spectrin.
75% of cases are autosomal dominant; 25% of cases are sporadic mutations
How is hereditary spherocytosis diagnosed?
Blood smear
How is sickle cell anemia diagnosed?
High performance liquid chromatography
What is thalassemia?
How is it inherited?
Production of insoluble hemoglobin chains, resulting in cell death due to build-up and production of instable cells in the periphery.
Autosomally.
How is thalassemia diagnosed?
What are some unique clinical features?
High performance liquid chromatography, gene sequencing
skeletal deformities due to marrow expansion, hemochromatosis
What is G6PD deficiency?
How is this disease inherited?
An enzyme deficiency in the phosphate pentose pathway that prevents reduction reactions from occurring. Oxidative stress kills off blood cells quickly.
X-linked
How is G6PD deficiency diagnosed?
blood smear to look for bite cells
What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
How is it diagnosed?
A stem cell defect in GPI linked proteins. This means the cell can not display self-markers, and gets targeted by complement.
Flow cytometry for CDs that are attached using GPI proteins (CD55 and CD59)
What is microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?
How is it diagnosed?
Traumatic shearing of red blood cells due to turbulent blood flow.
Blood smear to look for schistocytes
