Intro lecture 4 Flashcards
BRUH
Wat zijn de 5 redenen voor measuren?
- evaluate an explanation
- Test a hypothesis
- Provide empirical support for a theory
- make a decision about a medical treatment
- Study an applied issue
Noem de 3 quantitative reasons om te measuren
- conceptualize variables
- Operationalizing variables
- Gather empirical data
Noem de 3 qualitative reasons om te measuren
- Gather empirical data and think about concepts to organize and make sense of the data
- Reflect on and describe this process of linking ideas
to specific observations in the data. - Review and refine your definitions and
the descriptions of how you gathered data
and made sense of it.
WHAT IS MEASUREMENT IN QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH?
- Capturing and expressing concepts using textual and visual data
- Operationalization less central and after the process
WHAT IS MEASUREMENT IN
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ?
• Special step in the research process, in which we transform
abstract theoretical concepts into observable indicators
• Important step prior to data collection
Wat is conceptualization?
refining an idea by giving it a very clear,
explicit definition.
Wat is Operationalization?
the process of linking a conceptual
definition with specific measures.
What are ”Latent” variables?
Not observed concepts consisting of
multiple indicators
What are “Observed” variables?
Indicators that can be directly
measured
What are continuous variables? Geef ook example
infinite number of values or
attributes that flow along a continuum.
• Examples: Height, temperature, grade
What are Discrete variables?
have a relatively fixed set of separate
values or variable attributes
• Examples: Gender, religion
What is the rule of thumb regarding whether a thing is continuous or discrete?
You can count the values of discrete variables,
you cannot count the values of continuous variables
What are Nominal measures?
There is only a difference between categories
• Examples: Gender, religion, color, guinea pig species
What are Ordinal measures?
The categories can also be ranked
• Examples: Opinion measures, level of agreeing, …and education?
What are Interval measures?
You can specify the amount of distance between categories
• Examples: Temperature (Celsius), grades
What are Ratio measures?
You can state relations in terms of proportions
• Examples: Height, weight, distance
Name the mathematical characteristics of Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio measures
Nominal : Discrete
Ordinal : Discrete
Interval : continuous
Ratio : continuous
Wat is de Likert Scale en in welke science wordt die vaak gebruikt?
Strongly disagree—— Strongly agree
social sciences
What are issues with the Likert Scale?
Neutral answer category?
Measurement level?
Wat is de Rosenborg’s self-esteem scale?
Almost always true= 5 Often true = 4 Sometimes true = 3 Seldom true = 2 Never true = 1
Wat is de Guttman scale?
Yes/No question
What is a quality of the Guttman scale?
Answers of the respondents are consistent
What is the semantic differential?
- Is being used to measure someone’s opinions or feelings about a product.
- Uses opposites
- Measures 3 categories
- Evaluation (positive vs negative, filthy vs clean, valuable vs worthless)
- Potential (strong vs weak, heavy vs lightly, difficult vs easy)
- Activity (active vs passive, fast vs slow, silent vs noisy)
Define reliability
A feature of measures – the method of measuring is dependable and
consistent.
Define validity
A feature of measures; the concept of interest closely matches the
method used to measure it.
Name the three types of validity and define them
Face validity: Judgement by the scientific community
Content validity: Captures the entire meaning
Criterion-related validity: Differentiates based on external source
Noem de twee soorten criterion-related validity en define
- Concurrent validity Agrees with preexisting measure
* Predictive validity Agrees with future behavior
