Imagining Justice Lecture 8

Question 1

Wat zegt Hobbes over sense?

Answer 1

Niks meer dan druk die uitgeoefend wordt op je ogen, oren en andere organen.

Question 2

Wat zegt Hobbes over imagination?

Answer 2

Dat is niks meer dan decaying senses. Hiermee bedoelt ie dus memory en dreams en experiences.

Question 3

Wat is het verschil tussen de manieren waarop reason acquired wordt en bijvoorbeeld sense en memory acquired wordt?

Answer 3

Sense en memory zijn met ons geboren. Reason is vergaard via industry.

Question 4

The terms of peace that men come into agreement upon, which are dictated to us by reason, are called the

Answer 4

Laws of nature

Question 5

Wat is de right of nature?

Answer 5

Elke mens mag doen wat ze willen voor self-preservation

Question 6

Wat is de grootste motivator voor vrede volgens Hobbes?

Answer 6

de dood

Question 7

Wat is de first law of nature?

Answer 7

Men should seek peace and follow it.

Question 8

Wat is de second law of nature?

Answer 8

Restrain yourself from pursuing ends by any means necessary, as long as others do the same.

Question 9

Wat zijn de views van Aristotle en Hobbes op practical philosophy

Answer 9

Aristotle: practical philosophy ≠ geometry
Hobbes: practical philosophy = geometry

Question 10

Wat zijn de views van Aristotle en Hobbes op nature

Answer 10

Aristotle: nature is a teleological and intelligible order
to be emulated (virtue and happiness).

Hobbes: nature is a blind, purposeless and
unintelligible disorder to be overcome
(survival).

Question 11

Wat zijn de views van Aristotle en Hobbes op reason/speech

Answer 11

Aristotle: reason/speech is natural.
Hobbes: reason/speech is artificial.

Question 12

Wat zijn de views van Aristotle en Hobbes op mens als een political animal

Answer 12

Aristotle: “man is by nature a political animal (…)”
(NB: political community is both natural and artificial).

Hobbes: human is by nature an apolitical animal, and “the Natural Condition of Mankind” is a state of war.

Question 13

Wat zegt Hobbes over de civil state?

Answer 13

De civil state is niet natuurlijk, maar een social construct. Een artificial man, wiens doel is peace en security..

Question 14

Wat is de influence van de civil state op de natural state?

Answer 14

The civil state is based on the suppression of
the natural state (contract => monopoly of
violence of the Sovereign).

Question 15

Wat staat er hoger volgens hobbes, law or right?

Answer 15

Law > right

Question 16

Wat zijn de twee foundations van modern liberal democracy?

Answer 16

Liberalism en Democracy

Question 17

Wat is de liberal conception of freedom?

Answer 17

negative, freedom from external

impediments to motion of individual bodies.

Question 18

Wat is de liberal conception of law?

Answer 18

necessary limitation of one’s freedom .

Question 19

Wat is Aristotle: “positive” conception of freedom?

Answer 19

freedom to

participate in politics (happiness);

Question 20

De vraag der vragen.. Noem de 6 verschillen tussen Aristotle en Hobbes!

Answer 20

Political Animal - A-Political Animal
State of Nature: Polis - State of Nature: War
Primacy of Law - Primacy of Right
Telos (natural ends) - No telos (body & motion)
Virtue (speech, action) - Self-preservation
Pursuit of Happiness - Pursuit of Power

Question 21

Noem de werken die aan de political kant staan en de werken die aan de apolitical kant staan

Answer 21

Political: Antigone, Plato, Aristotle,
Digest, Arendt

apolitical: Hobbes, Bentham,
Foucault

Midden: Kant