intro 2

Question 1

Coronary arteries arise from

Answer 1

root of aorta

Question 2

right main coronary artery

Answer 2

1. supplies left atrium and ventricle

2. bifurcates to left anterior descending and circumflex arteries

Question 3

widow maker

Answer 3

LAD (left anterior descending artery)

Question 4

coronary veins

Answer 4

1. mostly parallel the coronary arteries
2. many veins drain into coronary sinus, a large vein on the posterior side of the heart that empties into the right atrium
3. some drain directly to the right atrium

Question 5

coronary capillaries

Answer 5

very dense–several capillaries associated with each cardiac myocytes

Question 6

arterial system

Answer 6

1. distribution

2. aorta, large artery, small artery, arteriole

Question 7

microcirculation

Answer 7

1. exchange and filtration

2. capillaries

Question 8

venous system

Answer 8

1. collection

2. venule, vein, vena cava

Question 9

aorta

Answer 9

1. large single outflow from left side of heart (~25 mm diameter)
2. Elastic & smooth muscle fibers – compliance helps dampen pulsatile flow

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

1. Thick walled, to resist expansion

2. Primarily serve to distribute blood to different organs

Question 11

Arterioles

Answer 11

1. Relatively thicker walls, with lots of vascular smooth muscle
2. Highly innervated – primary site of regulation of vascular resistance
3. “resistance vessels” (small arteries & arterioles)

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

1. Exchange vessels

2. Walls = single cell layer of endothelial cells

Question 13

Venules, Veins

Answer 13

1. Thin walls relative to similar diameter arteries
2. “capacitance vessels” – most of blood volume
3. Low pressure, with one-way valves

Question 14

Vena Cavae

Answer 14

1. Two branches (superior vena cava & inferior vena cava)

2. Large diameter, but very thin wall (very low pressure)

Question 15

Tunica adventitia

Answer 15

1. outermost layer

2. connective tissue (collagen & elastin)

Question 16

Tunica media

Answer 16

1. middle layer
2. Innervated smooth muscle cells
3. Controls vessel diameter

Question 17

Tunica intima

Answer 17

1. inner layer
2. connective tissue and vascular endothelium
3. Important for signaling
4. Site of atherosclerotic plaque formation

Question 18

capillaries are the site of

Answer 18

gas, nutrient and waste exchange

Question 19

Blood flow through capillary beds determined by

Answer 19

pressure gradients

Question 20

blood flow through capillary bed is regulated by

Answer 20

arterioles & precapillary sphincters

Question 21

precapillary sphincters =

Answer 21

smooth muscle bands at junction of arteriole and capillaries

Question 22

the lymphatic system is a pathway for

Answer 22

fluid and large molecules to move from interstitial space to blood

Question 23

Lymph is

Answer 23

filtered interstitial fluid (filtered in Lymph Nodes)

Question 24

lymphatic capillaries are

Answer 24

porous blind end capillaries

Question 25

Flow in lymphatic system is promoted by:

Answer 25

1. increased interstitial pressure
2. smooth muscle contraction in lymph vessels
3. contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle

Question 26

Lymphatic system is

Answer 26

low pressure, vessels have one-way valves

Question 27

Lymph flow ____ per day

Answer 27

~2-4 L

vs. 7000 L blood flow per day

Question 28

which vessel layer controls vessel diameter?

Answer 28

tunica media

Question 29

which is the site of atherosclerotic plaque formation?

Answer 29

tunica intima