Acute stress

Question 1

The response of the heart to acute hemodynamic and adrenergic stimuli?

Answer 1

Altered P/V relationships
Altered inotropy
Altered chronotropy

Question 2

The adult heart is able to alter its ____ in response to chronic stresses

Answer 2

size and shape

Question 3

Myosin isoform and ATPase shifts are seen in

Answer 3

phenotypically distinct models of cardiac hypertrophy

Question 4

pathological hypertrophy changes are

Answer 4

1. myocyte length increases LESS than the width
2. fibrosis
3. potentially cardiac dysfunction
4. decrease in ATPase
5. increase in BB MHC

Question 5

physiological hypertrophy changes are

Answer 5

1. myocyte length increases MORE than width
2. NO fibrosis
3. NO cardiac dysfunction
4. increase in ATPase and aa MHC

Question 6

contemporary view on heart changes

Answer 6

1. Cardiac adaption is a dynamic process that involves not only architectural but also structural modifications
2. In response to stress, both the quantity and the quality of the contractile elements is altered
3. The heart has phenotypic and genotypic plasticity
4. Programmatic alterations in gene and protein expression occur in response to pathologic or physiologic triggers

Question 7

The phenotypic adaptions may involve both

Answer 7

transcriptional and post-translational modifications

Question 8

The functional adaptations are generally

Answer 8

adaptive but over time can result in ventricular dysfunction

Question 9

LVH cellular mechanism

Answer 9

1. Likely increase in Ca current via 
L-type Ca channel
2. Reduced SR pump fxn
(↑ PLB/SERCA2 ratio)
3. Impaired myofilament relaxation
4. Altered (increased) cytosolic calcium and new steady-state

Question 10

SERCA2 Gene Transfer is Sufficient to

Answer 10

Correct Mechanical Defects in Cardiocytes From Patients with Heart Failure