Intro

Question 1

Gross lesion definition

Answer 1

Structural abnormalities visible to the naked eye

Question 2

pathognomonic lesions definition

Answer 2

Lesions that are so distinctive that there can only be one cause

Question 3

Cytology

Answer 3

a technique that uses microscopy to examine samples of collections of cells that are smeared or blotted onto a microscope slide before examination

Question 4

aetiology

Answer 4

cause of disease

Question 5

Pathogenesis

Answer 5

Sequence of events resulting in a lesion or a disease

Question 6

Goitre

Answer 6

enlarged thyroid gland

Question 7

dystocia

Answer 7

prologed or difficult birth

Question 8

consequences of iodine decifincy in new born lambs

Answer 8

issues with body temperature regulation
Reduction of birth weight
Vigor at birth
Abnormal development of organs
Increased incidence of dystocia

Question 9

when is exact time of death

Answer 9

when cardiac and respiratory muscles functions cease to happen spontaneously

Question 10

rate of cooling of a dead body depends on

Answer 10

initial temperature of body
insulation
external temperature and wind

Question 11

Rigor mortis

Answer 11

Stiffening of muscles that occurs after death due to gradual contraction of muscle fibres that occurs as their energy supply runs out

Question 12

algor mortis

Answer 12

cooling of the dead body

Question 13

order of rigor

Answer 13

head, heart, diaphragm then limbs

Question 14

how long can atp be produced from glycogen after death

Answer 14

1-9 hours

Question 15

when does rigor dissapear

Answer 15

12-30 hours after death

Question 16

hypostatic congestion (lividity or livor mortis)

Answer 16

when blood accumulates in the lower portion of the organ/ body due to gravity after death

Question 17

Autolysis

Answer 17

Breakdown of cells and tissues by the body’s own cellular enzymes

Question 18

Putrefaction

Answer 18

Breakdown of cells and tissues by bacteria that invade from the environment or from within the body

Question 19

what effects rate of decay of a dead body

Answer 19

temperature and presence of bacterial species

Question 20

what causes paleness and friability after death

Answer 20

Autolysis results in breakdown of tissue fibres and cells causing loss of colour and tissue fragility

Question 21

Pseudo necrosis

Answer 21

Describes area of discoloration and softening within organs that mimics the appearance of groups of dead cells

Question 22

Pseudo melanosis

Answer 22

Dark staining of tissues that occurs due to production of iron sulfide

Question 23

Haemoglobin imbibition/ staining

Answer 23

Staining of tissues with blood pigments and can be misinterpreted as bruising or hemorrhage

Question 24

bile imbibition/ staining

Answer 24

Tissues adjacent to gall bladder or bile ducts can be stained dark orange to greenish after death