Haemorrhage, shock, thrombosis and embolism

Question 1

Haemorrage definition

Answer 1

Bleeding from transected or ruptured blood vessels or from heart

Question 2

Haemorrhage by rhexis

Answer 2

Physical damage to a tissue causing hemorrhage

Question 3

Haemorrhage by diapedesis

Answer 3

tiny gaps between endothelial cells causing haemorrhage

Question 4

Petechiae

Answer 4

Pinpoint 1-2mm diameter haemorrhage

Question 5

Ecchymoses

Answer 5

Larger foci of haemorrhage 2-3 cm

Question 6

Suffusive

Answer 6

large irregular areas of hemorrhages affecting the tissue

Question 7

Hematoma

Answer 7

Local, confined accumulation of blood, usually clotted

Question 8

haemorrhage compensatory mechanisms

Answer 8

1. Redistribution of blood to vital centers
2. Restoration of plasma volume
3. Replacement of lost erythrocytes

Question 9

Shock definitions

Answer 9

peripheral circulatory failure due to disparity between the amount of blood present and volume or capacity of the vascular system

or

failure of circulatory system to adequetly perfuse organs

Question 10

types of shock

Answer 10

hypovolemic shock
cardiogeneic shock
vasculogeneic shock

Question 11

hypovolemic shock

Answer 11

occurs when there is a dramatic decrease in volume of blood present

Question 12

cardiogeneic shock

Answer 12

a result of decreased cardic output

Question 13

vasculogenic shock

Answer 13

Occurs when there is either widespread vasodilation or widespread damage to large number of capillaries beds

Question 14

factors of thrombosis

Answer 14

damage to blood vessel
abnormal blood flow
hypercoagulability

Question 15

embolus definition

Answer 15

An abnormal mass circulating in blood stream