Cell injury, disease and death

Question 1

mechanims leading to cell damage

Answer 1

Damage of cell membrane
Damage to enzymatic systems (interferes with ATP synthesis and/or protein synthesis)
Direct DNA damage

Question 1

anoxia

Answer 1

total lack of oxygen

Question 2

hypoxia

Answer 2

partial lack of oxygen

Question 3

net movement of ions in the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Answer 3

per 1 atp, 3 na+ ions go outside the cell and 2 k+ ions go inside the cell

Question 4

hydrophobic degeneration

Answer 4

abnormal accumulation of water inside the cell

Question 5

apoptotic bodies

Answer 5

organelles and nuclear ragements that are extruded as membrane bound structures

Question 6

apoptosis

Answer 6

programmed cell death

Question 7

necrosis

Answer 7

cell death from irreversible cell damage as a result of severe or persistent injury

Question 8

Pyknosis

Answer 8

a shrunken dark staining nucleus

Question 9

Karyorrhexis

Answer 9

fragmentation of the nucleus

Question 10

Karyolysis

Answer 10

fading of the nucleus as it loses affinity for hematoxylin

Question 11

coagulative necrosis

Answer 11

local death of tissue in a living animal where cellular detail is lost and architectiral detail remains

Question 12

caseous necrosis

Answer 12

Local death of tissue within a living individual, both cellular and architectural detail is lost

Question 13

ischaemia

Answer 13

less blood flow

Question 14

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 14

Disintegration of necrotic material into a liquid mass, all cellular and architectural detail is lost

Question 15

malacia

Answer 15

Liquefactive necrosis in the centeral nervous system (brain)

Question 16

Gangrenous necrosis

Answer 16

Type of necrosis that has a particular distribution in the body; distal extremities and lower portions of certain organs

Question 17

dry gangrene

Answer 17

uncomplicated ischemic necrosis (necrosis due to lack of blood flow)

Question 18

Wet (moist ) gangrene

Answer 18

Ischemic necrosis complicated by a bacterial infection

Question 19

gas gangrene

Answer 19

Special form of moist gangrene caused by gas producing bacteria

Question 20

fat necrosis

Answer 20

death of fat cells

Question 21

enzymatic fat necrosis

Answer 21

Occurs mainly in adipose tissue surrounding the pancreas and is due to release of lipase from damaged pancreatic acinar cells

Question 22

traumatic fat necrosis

Answer 22

After trauma or chronic pressure of subq adipose tissue

Question 23

Nutritional, steatites or yellow fat disease

Answer 23

Secondary to diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and low vitamin E

Question 24

idiopathic fat necrosis

Answer 24

occurs for no known reason, it just arises

Question 25

sequestrum

Answer 25

fibrous capsule surrounding a necrotic center