Into to Motor Development

Question 1

Motor Development refers to…

Answer 1

movement abilities

change in movement behavior

Question 2

Motor development is always what three things?

Answer 2

Continuous (always changing sometimes more noticeable)
Age related (related to but not dependent upon. Development throughout aging process) 
Sequential (one step leads to the next in orderly and irreversible fashion)

Question 3

What are some related areas of motor development study?

Answer 3

Motor learning: permanent gains in skill associated with practice
Motor control: the nervous system’s control of the muscles that perform skilled and coordinated movement

Question 4

What is physical growth?

Answer 4

quantitative increase in size or body mass

Question 5

What is physical maturation?

Answer 5

qualitative advance in biological makeup

Question 6

What is aging?

Answer 6

occurs with passage of time, leading to loss of adaptability of full function

Question 7

What is a constraint?

Answer 7

like a restraint : limits/ discourages but at the same time permits/encourages
not good or bad but simply provides a channel

Question 8

What does ecological mean?

Answer 8

the relationship of living organisms to their physical surrounding

Question 9

What is Newell’s Model of Constraints?

Answer 9

Understand movement we must consider the relationship between

• individual characteristics
• the purpose for moving
• the surroundings

Question 10

What are individual constraints?

Answer 10

unique physical, mental characteristics (internal)
Related to body structure (structural)
Related to behavioral function (mental aspects) (Functional)

Question 11

What are environmental constraints?

Answer 11

Properties of the environment
-external (outside the body) 
Global (not task specific)
Physical (gravity, surface)
Sociosultural (gender roles, cultural norms)

Question 12

What are task constraints?

Answer 12

Specific task requirements or goals 
-external
-not related to the individual
Related specifically to task or skill
-goal
-rules 
-equipment

Question 13

What does Newell’s model guide us in?

Answer 13

Identifying the development factors affecting movement
Create appropriate task and environment
Understand individual movers as different from group norms or averages
Post analysis focused on individual constraints

Question 14

What are disabilities?

Answer 14

different structure, function and constraint

• Need to consider all interacting constraints
• may result in delayed/different motor development

Question 15

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 15

Individual or group observed over time

Requires lengthy observation

Question 16

What is a cross sectional study?

Answer 16

Individual or groups of different ages

Change is inferred, not observed

Question 17

What is a sequential or mix longitudinal study?

Answer 17

mini-longitudinal studies with overlapping ages

Question 18

What is the paradox in development?

Answer 18

Universality (similarities in development)

Variability (individual differences)