Intestinal failure Flashcards
Describe what is intestinal failure Describe the causes of intestinal failure Describe the options for management Describe the complications of parenteral nutrition Describe what is refeeding syndrome
What is intestinal failure?
Where the gut is no longer able to supply the hydration and nutritional needs of the body.
What could cause chronic intestinal failure?
Short bowel syndrome Neoplasia Severe crohn's disease vascular mechanical radiation enteritis dysmotility
How long is acute intestinal failure?
Give an example of what could cause this?
2 weeks.
Mucositis post chemotherapy
What is the management for acute intestinal failure?
Replace fluid
Parenteral feeding
Watch electrolytes and glucose
Allow some diet if tolerated/safe
How long is a normal small bowel?
How long is it in short bowel syndrome?
What is the result?
250-850 cm (Males longer than females)
In short bowel syndrome, it is <200cm
There is insufficient small bowel to meet nutritional needs without artificial nutritional support
When is parenteral nutrition needed for short bowel syndrome?
When there is <50cm of small bowel
What medicine should be prescribed in short bowel syndrome?
Proton pump inhibitors
Loperamide
Codeine
Octreotide
What are complications of parenteral nutrition?
Sepsis SVC thrombosis Line fracture Line leakage Line migration Metabolic bone disease Nutrient toxicity/insufficiency Liver disease Metabolic disturbance Psycho-social
What are the main indications for small bowel transplantation?
Loss of venous access and liver disease
