Endoscopy Flashcards
What does an ERCP soope look at?
It goes through the stomach, through the ampulla and looks at the biliary tree.
What is endoscopy used for?
Diagnosis
Therapeutics (both emergency and elective)
Screening
Surveillance
What conditions can be diagnosed visually using endoscopy?
Oesophagitis Gastritis Ulceration Coeliac disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Sclerosing cholangitis
Where can stents be inserted?
Oesophagus
Biliary tree
Colon
What types of stents are there?
Plastic (removable)
Metal self expanding (permanent)
What are the complications of stenting?
Foreign body sensation Septicaemia Reflux Fever Fistula formation Bleeding Perforation Pain Migration Tumour in/overgrowth
How are strictures treated?
Dilatation
Stenting is usually reserved for malignancy
Name two methods of dilatation
Balloon dilatation
Bougienage dilatation
How can tumours be removed by endoscopy?
Polypectomy: Polyp is raised on a bed of adrenaline/saline It is snared, and removed by hot biopsy This is usually done for colonic polyps. Endoscopic mucosal resection: Lesion is raised on a bed of adrenaline/saline It is looped and converted to a polyp It can then be snared
How can endoscopy be used in nutrition?
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy insertion
Naso-jejunal tube insertion
Describe PEG insertion
Gastroscopy Identify insertion site Transabdominal passage of wire Pull the wire out of the mouth Tie the PEG tube to the wire, and pull into position Fix in place and set up connectors
How is a naso-jejunal tube inserted?
The tube is passed under direct vision The endoscope is then pulled out The nasal overtube is fed in The NJ tube is drawn into the overtube It is then withdrawn through the nose and fixed in place
What diseases is endoscopic surveillance used in?
Ulcerative colitis
Colonic polyps and colorectal cancer
Barret’s oesophagus
What are complications of endoscopy?
Respiratory arrest Aspiration Cardiac arrest Bleeding Perforation Infection
