Interpretation of Leukocyte Responses in Disease Flashcards
Erythremic Myelosis
Red cell leukemia
Penia
decreased concentration of cells
Microscopic changes seen with neutrophil degeneration
Marked cytoplasmic vacuolation
Nuclear swelling
Cell lysis
Excitement Leukocyte Response
“Fight or Flight” response - increased blood flow through microcirculation results in shift of leukocytes from marginated pool to the circulating pool
Causes of monocytosis
Inflammation
Stress Response
Microscopic changes seen with Neutrophil Toxic Change
Increased basophilia of cytoplasm
Presence of Dohle bodies
Cytoplasmic Vacuolation
Cytopenia
Decreased concentration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils
Causes of lymphopenia
Steroid response
Acute viral infection
Immunodeficiency
Inherited lymphocyte abnormalities
MPS and GM2 gangliosidosis - cytoplamsic granulation or vaculation
Alpha Mannosidosis - cytoplasmic vacuolation
Niemann Pick Disease - cytoplasma vacuolation
Acid Lipase Deficiency - cytoplasmic vacuolation
Fucosidosis - cytoplasmic vacuolation
Birman Cat neutrophil Granulation Anomaly
Of unknown cause
50% of Birman Cats have the disease
Can be confused with lysosomal storage disease
Excitement leukocyte response can result in
2x fold leukocyte concentration
Neutrophil Toxic Change
Due to accelerated rate of production seen with inflammation, which results in the persistance of ribosomes
Causes of Neutropenia
Consuption within inflammatory lesion
Immune mediated destruction
Lack of production by bone marrow
Neutrophil Degeneration
Describes neutrophils that are not in circulation
Lyphopenia, Neutrophilia and Eosinophilia can be seen with which leukocyte response?
Stress
Acquired changes in neutrophil morphology
Neutrophil Toxic Change
Neutrophil Hypersegmentation
Neutrophil Degeneration
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Due to fused lysosomes
Pink granules
Neutrophils do not kill or phagocytize as well as normal
Left Shift
Increased concentration of immature neutrophils in the blood
Myeloproliferative disorders
Neoplasms arising from bone marrow stem cells and involve neutrophils, monocytes, erythrocytes and rarely, eosinophils and basophils
Clinical sign of Chediak Higashi Syndrome
Sliver to grey coat color due to fusion of melanin granules
Common in persian cats
Granulocytic leukemia
Neutrophils
Causes of eosinophilia
Parasitism
Hypersensitivity
Lesions producing eosinophil chemoattractants (Mast Cell Tumor)
Leukemia
Presence of neoplastic cells in the blood or bone marrow
Strees Leukocyte Response can occur with
Occurs with illness, pain, metabolic disturbances, treatment with corticosteroids/corticosteroid producing tumors
Inflammation Leukocyte Response
Consumption of neutrophils in inflammatory response leads to increased production and early release from bone marrow
T/F: Bone marrow problems are always reversible
False
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FeLV virus infection = irreversible
Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Neutrophils and monocytes
Leukocyte Responses
Inflammation
Excitement
Stress
Monocytic leukemia
monocytes
Left shift or neutrophil concentration greater than 2x upper limit of reference interval
Neutrophilia
Causes of lymphocytosis
Excitement Leukocyte Response
Neoplastic Lymphoproliferative Disease
Antigenic Stimulation
Philia / cytosis
Increased concentration of cells
Pelger Huet Anomaly
Failure for neutrophil nucleus to segment - continue to look like bands
______________________
Increased immature neutrophil count without any clinical signs
Neutrophil hypersementation
Result of normal aging of the neutrophil may occur in vivo (longer circulation, use of corticosteroids) or in vitro (aging prior to making film)
Erythroleukemia
Red cells and neutrophils or monocytes
Neutrophilia + Lymphopenia + no left shift
Stress Leukocyte Response
Acquired lymphocyte vacuolation can occur by
Ingestion of plants containing swainsonine which results in inhibition of lysosomal enzymes resulting in acuired lysosomal storage disease
Neutropilia with Lymphocytosis and no left shift
Excitement Leukocyte Response
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Neoplasms of lymphocytes and plasma cells
Basophilia typically accompanies
eosinophilia
Inherited neutrophil abnormalities
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
Birman Cat Neutrophil Granulation Anomaly
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Lysosomal Storage Disorders with neutrophil granulation
Orderly maturation
Concentration of each cell increases with the degree of maturity
All inherited lymphocyte abnormalities except MPS and Acid Lipase Deficiency cause what type of disease
Severe Progressive Neurologic Diseas
