International declarations, conventions, conferences et cetera Flashcards
Stockholm declaration 1972
AKA declaration of the UN conference on the human environment. The first document in international environmental law to recognise the right to a healthy environment. The nations agreed to accept responsibility for any environmental effects caused by their actions. A signatory to the Stockholm declaration on environment, India enacted laws to control water (1974) and air (1981) pollution Donna after.
WTO’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement
aimed at the protection of human, animal or plant life or health from certain risks.
WTO sets constraints on member-states’ policies relating to food safety (bacterial contaminants, pesticides, inspection and labelling) as well as animal and plant health (phytosanitation) with respect to imported pests and diseases.
“Three Sisters” recognized -
International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), Codex Alimentarius Commission for food safety standards,
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) for animal health standards.
Stockholm Convention on POPs
Signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004 (Ninety days after the ratification by at least 50 signatory states).
Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
powers to ratify chemicals under the Stockholm Convention to the Union Ministers of External Affairs (MEA) and Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in respect of POPs already regulated under the domestic regulations.
These are:
Chlordecone.
Hexabromobiphenyl.
Hexabromodiphenyl ether and Heptabromodiphenylether.
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and Pentabromodiphenyl ether.
Pentachlorobenzene.
Hexabromocyclododecane.
Hexachlorobutadiene.
Initially, 12 POPs have been recognized as causing adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem and these can be placed in 3 categories:
1. Pesticides: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene;
2. Industrial chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and
3. By-products: hexachlorobenzene; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCBs.
Is it legally binding?
Yes. Article 16 of the Convention requires that effectiveness of the measures adopted by the Convention is evaluated in regular intervals.
Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA)
EPCA was constituted with the objective of ‘protecting and improving’ the quality of the environment and ‘controlling environmental pollution’ in NCR. The EPCA also assists the apex court in various environment-related matters in the region.
EPCA is SC mandated body to tackle air pollution in the NCR. It was notified in 1998 by Environment Ministry under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Composition:
Besides the chairman, the EPCA has 14 members, some of whom are the environment secretary of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), chairperson of the New Delhi Municipal Council, transport commissioner of the NCT, the commissioners of various municipal corporations of Delhi and professors at IIT Delhi and Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Functions:
To protect and improve quality of environment and prevent and control environmental pollution in NCR.
To enforce Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in NCR as per the pollution levels.
International Barcode of Life (iBOL)
to unite DNA barcoding research as a global science.
Through a research alliance spanning 26 nations with varying levels of investment and responsibilities, iBOL is successfully extending the geographic and taxonomic coverage of the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD).
In 2010, iBOL has met its key target for Phase I: records for 500K species were added to BOLD through this international collaboration.
The overall task of iBOL researchers is to collect and curate specimens, and organize their DNA sequences into a reference library used for global species identification.
7 different field of Rainbow Revolution:
▪️AFSPA
(Agriculture, Forestry, Sugarcane, Poultry, Animal Husbandry, Fishery, Horticulture)
