Intelligence - Theories Flashcards
What are the 6 major theories of intelligence?
- Sensory Capacity
- Abstract Thinking
- General and Specific Intelligence
- Multiple Intelligences
- Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
- The Triarchic Theory
Elaborate on Sensory Capacity intelligence Theory
Intelligence is “our ability to gather info through our senses”
Sensory Capacity intel implies that sensitivity in our HEARING, VISION, and TASTE should be useful METRIC of INTEL
We would not consider non-human animals to be smarter to humans because we have dull senses compared to them. This is one of the problems of the sensory capacity intel theory.
Our ability to use the intel we have is more useful and important than the amount of intel you have access too.
Intel tests were initially created to identify elementary school kids that needed extra help
Elaborate on Abstract Thinking Intel Theory
Underlying all the questions in simon and binet’s experiment involves abstract thinking (think about things that you cant see immediately in front of you )
SIMON and BINET tests included a variety of questions that measured different intel abilities
- Linguistic abilities
- VIsual memory
- Puzzle solving
- Many other things
SIMON and BINET noted that students performance on all types of questions - even questions with very different content - were correlated
Cultural Perceptions of Intel
When asking people of different cultures to give an example of an intelligent person, the results vary.
In western cultures, “INNOVATIVE THINKERS” are considered intelligent. (Scientist, scholar)
In NON-Western cultures, the ability to impart practical knowledge are considered to be intelligent people. (Village elders, or spiritual leaders)
Elaborate on General and Specific Intel Theory
Scores on SIMON and BINETs test items were all loosely correlated.
CHARLES SPEARMAN was motivated by that and formulated the theory of GENERAL and SPECIFC Intel.
According to Spearman, we acquire specialized knowledge for everything we do.
The GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS (Think mental horsepower) of each persons brain also applies to everything we do (G).
Elaborate on Multiple Intelligences Theory
SPEARMANS concept of “G” has an issue. Performance on question A, does not predict performance on questions B, C, and D.
The predictive value of “G” is CLUMPY
Some questions/topics have more shared intel (g) than others
The MULTIPLE INTEL theory was proposed to reconcile anomalies with the concept of G
It is the understanding that there isn’t a single “G”, but instead a broad domain of intellectual skill.
These broad categories of intel all contribute to BEHAVIOUR
- Linguistic
- Mathematic
- Spatial
- Musical
- Kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Interpersonal
- Naturalistic
SAVANTS show profound ability in ONE domain, while severely lacking in others.
The theory also implies that we can “teach towards a persons strength”
Elaborate on Fluid and Crystallized Intel Theory
Fluid Intel:
The capacity to learn new ways of solving problems, and adapt to circumstances
Crystallized Intel:
Accumulated knowledge
The concepts of fluid and crystallized intel can explain why we see distinctions in cultural views of intel
The Triarchic Theory of Intel Theory
There are 3 forms of intel, and they have some overlap usage.
ANALYTIC
-Logic and reasoning
ex. someone who performs well on multiple choice exams.
PRACTICAL
-The ability to solve real-world problems
ex. A carpenter or plumber would have high practical intel
CREATIVE
-The ability to come up with new and effective solutions
ex. Artists and inventors have high creative intel
Other definitions of intel
Examples:
“The ability to carry out abstract thinking.” (Terman, 1921)
“The capacity for knowledge, and knowledge possessed.” (Henmon, 1921)
“The capacity to learn or to profit by experience.” (Dearborn, 1921)
“The capacity to acquire capacity.” (Woodrow, 1921)
