Intelligence Flashcards
What is the main advantage of non-verbal IQ tests?
1) They measure only fluid intelligence
2) They are unaffected by cultural and language differences
3) They assess reasoning and verbal skills simultaneously
4) They provide a comprehensive measure of intelligence
They are unaffected by cultural and language differences
What was the primary purpose of the first IQ tests developed by Binet and Simon?
1) To assess military aptitude during wartime
2) To measure the hereditary basis of intelligence
3) To identify gifted children for educational investment
4) To predict occupational success
To identify gifted children for educational investment
What controversial concept did Francis Galton associate with intelligence?
1) Fluid intelligence
2) The Flynn effect
3) Eugenics and selective breeding
4) Cognitive enrichment programs
Eugenics and selective breeding
What is a major limitation of Cyril Burt’s work on intelligence?
1) It ignored cultural influences on IQ
2) His data on intelligence and class were fabricated
3) It focused solely on verbal abilities
4) It underestimated the role of environmental factors
His data on intelligence and class were fabricated
What do the terms genotype and phenotype represent in intelligence research?
1) Genotype is the observable trait; phenotype is the inherited trait
2) Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype includes environmental influences
3) Phenotype represents inherited traits; genotype is influenced by experience
4) Both genotype and phenotype exclude environmental effects
Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype includes environmental influences
What is the distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence?
1) Fluid intelligence increases with age, while crystallized intelligence remains stable
2) Fluid intelligence is fixed, while crystallized intelligence benefits from experience
3) Crystallized intelligence measures cognitive speed, while fluid intelligence measures memory
4) Both types of intelligence are unaffected by environmental factors
Fluid intelligence is fixed, while crystallized intelligence benefits from experience
What did the twin studies by Bouchard & McGue (1981) suggest about intelligence?
1) Intelligence is influenced solely by genetic factors
2) Intelligence has high heritability but is also influenced by the environment
3) Genetic and environmental factors cannot be separated in intelligence studies
4) Environmental factors have no impact on intelligence
Intelligence has high heritability but is also influenced by the environment
What environmental factors were linked to higher IQ in Elardo et al. (1975)?
1) Mother’s age and educational background
2) Stimulating family environments and positive maternal behaviour
3) Sibling interactions and extended family dynamics
4) Nutrition and access to early schooling
Stimulating family environments and positive maternal behaviour
What does the Flynn effect describe?
1) Genetic improvements in IQ across generations
2) A 25-point increase in IQ over decades due to environmental factors
3) The decline of IQ in affluent societies
4) The relationship between birth order and intelligence
A 25-point increase in IQ over decades due to environmental factors
What did Benton & Roberts (1988) find about diet and IQ?
1) Diet had no measurable impact on IQ
2) IQ increases were observed only in children with poor nutrition
3) All children showed IQ increases with vitamin supplementation
4) Healthy diets had a greater impact than supplements
IQ increases were observed only in children with poor nutrition
What conclusion did Owen et al. (2010) reach about cognitive training programs?
1) They improve cognitive abilities across all tasks
2) Training effects are task-specific and do not generalize to other domains
3) They significantly enhance everyday cognitive functioning
4) They reduce the impact of environmental factors on IQ
Training effects are task-specific and do not generalize to other domains
What does the confluence model propose about birth order and intelligence?
1) Later-born children are smarter due to sibling interactions
2) Firstborns benefit from increased exposure to adults’ intellectual stimulation
3) Sibling interactions enhance intellectual development for all children
4) Birth order has no measurable impact on intelligence
Firstborns benefit from increased exposure to adults’ intellectual stimulation
How does the dilution model explain differences in intelligence among siblings?
1) Parents allocate fewer resources to each child as family size increases
2) Younger siblings benefit from observing older siblings’ academic achievements
3) Firstborn children receive less parental attention than later-born siblings
4) Parental resources increase with each subsequent child
Parents allocate fewer resources to each child as family size increases
What does the transactional process in intelligence research suggest?
1) Intelligence is determined solely by genetics
2) Children’s intelligence elicits responses that further stimulate development
3) Parental intelligence has no influence on a child’s cognitive abilities
4) Environmental factors cannot be influenced by genetic predispositions
Children’s intelligence elicits responses that further stimulate development
What does the Raven’s Progressive Matrices test measure?
1) Crystallized intelligence and language skills
2) Fluid intelligence through non-verbal reasoning
3) Verbal intelligence and problem-solving ability
4) Memory and attention
Fluid intelligence through non-verbal reasoning
