Cognitive Development Flashcards
What defines the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s theory?
1) The ability to think abstractly
2) Mental imagery without logical reasoning
3) Failure to differentiate between self and surroundings
4) Logical principles applied to abstract problems
Failure to differentiate between self and surroundings
What is solipsism in the context of the sensorimotor stage?
1) The belief that objects cease to exist when out of sight
2) Failure to distinguish between the self and the external world
3) Understanding that objects exist independently of the self
4) Inability to form mental imagery
Failure to distinguish between the self and the external world
What milestone marks the end of the sensorimotor stage?
1) Ability to solve conservation tasks
2) Formation of operational intelligence
3) Acquisition of object permanence
4) Emergence of systematic logical thinking
Acquisition of object permanence
What characterizes the pre-operational stage?
1) Logical reasoning applied to abstract concepts
2) Mental imagery without principled thought
3) Inability to solve conservation problems due to egocentrism
4) Understanding of compensation and inversion in logical tasks
Mental imagery without principled thought
What does “failure to decenter” refer to in the pre-operational stage?
1) The inability to focus on more than one aspect of a problem
2) The failure to understand abstract concepts
3) The tendency to apply logical reasoning to real-life problems
4) Difficulty distinguishing between self and surroundings
The inability to focus on more than one aspect of a problem
Which of the following is NOT a justification used in the concrete operational stage?
1) Compensation
2) Identity
3) Inversion
4) Solipsism
Solipsism
What cognitive ability is acquired during the formal operational stage?
1) Object permanence
2) Logical reasoning applied to concrete problems
3) Systematic logical thinking and abstract reasoning
4) Egocentrism in thought and communication
Systematic logical thinking and abstract reasoning
What did Rai and Mitchell’s study suggest about four-year-olds’ cognitive abilities?
1) They can perform abstract reasoning beyond Piaget’s expectations
2) They struggle with object permanence tasks
3) They fail to identify abstract relationships in problems
4) They cannot reason logically until adolescence
They can perform abstract reasoning beyond Piaget’s expectations
What is a central tenet of Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development?
1) Development is driven by personal discovery
2) Learning is a function of linguistic and social interaction
3) Cognitive abilities are innate and independent of the environment
4) Cognitive development is solely the result of biological maturation
Learning is a function of linguistic and social interaction
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
1) The range of tasks a child can perform independently
2) The tasks a child can learn with guidance from others
3) The limit of a child’s innate abilities
4) The mental stage where abstract reasoning develops
The tasks a child can learn with guidance from others
What is scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
1) A child’s independent problem-solving strategy
2) The role of culture in shaping cognitive development
3) Support structures provided by a mentor to aid learning
4) The ability to generalize concepts across contexts
Support structures provided by a mentor to aid learning
How does Piaget’s view of development differ from Vygotsky’s?
1) Piaget emphasizes external influences, while Vygotsky focuses on curiosity
2) Piaget stresses personal discovery, while Vygotsky emphasizes social interaction
3) Piaget focuses on linguistic relativity, while Vygotsky focuses on scaffolding
4) Piaget believes development is driven by mentors, while Vygotsky does not
Piaget stresses personal discovery, while Vygotsky emphasizes social interaction
What is a limitation of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
1) Overemphasis on social and emotional factors
2) Underestimating the role of mentors in learning
3) Overestimating children’s abilities in abstract reasoning
4) Failing to consider the role of curiosity
Underestimating the role of mentors in learning
What does egocentric speech represent in Vygotsky’s theory?
1) The transition from private to internal thought processes
2) A failure to distinguish between self and others’ perspectives
3) The emergence of abstract reasoning
4) A reflection of logical thinking
The transition from private to internal thought processes
What is the role of language in Vygotsky’s theory?
1) Language is a product of cognitive development
2) Language shapes thought and is influenced by culture
3) Language is independent of social interactions
4) Language primarily facilitates abstract reasoning
Language shapes thought and is influenced by culture
