Adolescent Development 1

Question 1

What age range does WHO define as adolescence?

1) 10-18 years
2) 10-19 years
3) 11-19 years
4) 12-18 years

Answer 1

10-19 years

Question 2

What distinguishes adolescence from puberty?

1) Puberty focuses on emotional changes, while adolescence focuses on physical changes
2) Puberty is a part of adolescence and involves sexual maturity
3) Adolescence involves physical changes, while puberty includes cognitive changes
4) Puberty and adolescence are synonymous

Answer 2

Puberty is a part of adolescence and involves sexual maturity

Question 3

Why is adolescence considered a distinct biological period?

1) It is only observed in humans
2) It involves universal behaviours and is evident in animals and history
3) It is culturally specific and changes over time
4) It only involves physical development

Answer 3

It involves universal behaviours and is evident in animals and history

Question 4

What behaviour is NOT associated with adolescence according to Elkind (1967)?

1) Risk-taking
2) Extreme preoccupation with one’s thoughts
3) Personal fable
4) Complete self-restraint

Answer 4

Complete self-restraint

Question 5

What is adolescent egocentrism according to Elkind?

1) Obliviousness to other people’s perspectives
2) Awareness of others’ views but assuming one’s own are universal
3) Excessive focus on physical appearance
4) An inability to consider abstract concepts

Answer 5

Awareness of others’ views but assuming one’s own are universal

Question 6

What is the “imaginary audience” in adolescent egocentrism?

1) Belief that others are focused on scrutinizing them
2) An overestimation of their public importance
3) The belief that others share their exact thoughts
4) Assuming their actions have no social consequences

Answer 6

Belief that others are focused on scrutinizing them

Question 7

What is the “illusion of transparency”?

1) Belief that others cannot understand their feelings
2) Feeling that others can easily detect their inner thoughts
3) Confidence that their emotions are well-hidden
4) Assumption that only close friends can understand them

Answer 7

Feeling that others can easily detect their inner thoughts

Question 8

What is the “personal fable”?

1) Belief in one’s uniqueness and invincibility
2) Awareness of one’s similarities to peers
3) Conviction that they are misunderstood by society
4) Overestimation of their achievements

Answer 8

Belief in one’s uniqueness and invincibility

Question 9

What is a consequence of the “imaginary audience”?

1) Increased self-confidence
2) Greater self-consciousness
3) Reduced interest in social approval
4) Enhanced critical thinking skills

Answer 9

Greater self-consciousness

Question 10

What does the “private god” refer to in Elkind’s theory?

1) A metaphor for adolescent independence
2) The belief in divine protection from harm
3) The tendency to seek spiritual guidance
4) An overemphasis on religious identity

Answer 10

The belief in divine protection from harm

Question 11

Which behaviour exemplifies risk-taking in adolescence?

1) Preferring solitude
2) Engaging in unprotected sex
3) Avoiding peer pressure
4) Practicing self-restraint

Answer 11

Engaging in unprotected sex

Question 12

How does Elkind explain the development of adolescent egocentrism?

1) By increasing awareness of physical changes
2) Through an excessive focus on their own mental life
3) By improving understanding of abstract concepts
4) Through direct observation of others’ thoughts

Answer 12

Through an excessive focus on their own mental life

Question 13

What triggers the transition from adolescence to adulthood according to Elkind?

1) Resolving inner conflicts without external validation
2) A clash between inner beliefs and external reality
3) Gradual acceptance of adult responsibilities
4) Cognitive maturation and emotional control

Answer 13

A clash between inner beliefs and external reality

Question 14

What characteristic is NOT associated with adolescent egocentrism?

1) Self-consciousness
2) Heightened focus on peers’ opinions
3) Complete emotional independence
4) Assumption of invulnerability

Answer 14

Complete emotional independence

Question 15

What is a core element of Elkind’s theory of adolescence?

1) Emotional dependence on parental guidance
2) The transition from concrete to abstract thinking
3) The importance of external validation
4) The gradual decline of egocentrism with age

Answer 15

The transition from concrete to abstract thinking

Question 16

Which term refers to the belief that one’s inner feelings are obvious to others?

1) Personal fable
2) Illusion of transparency
3) Imaginary audience
4) Self-consciousness

Answer 16

Illusion of transparency

Question 17

How does Elkind link risk-taking to the personal fable?

1) Risk-taking occurs because adolescents feel invulnerable and protected
2) Adolescents take risks to impress peers
3) Risk-taking declines as cognitive skills improve
4) Adolescents take risks due to ignorance of consequences

Answer 17

Risk-taking occurs because adolescents feel invulnerable and protected

Question 18

Which of these is NOT a component of adolescent egocentrism?

1) Imaginary audience
2) Illusion of transparency
3) Personal fable
4) Complete logical reasoning

Answer 18

Complete logical reasoning

Question 19

What describes Elkind’s concept of “metacognition”?

1) Reflecting on one’s physical development
2) Thinking about one’s thoughts and feelings
3) Developing social reasoning skills
4) Understanding abstract moral concepts

Answer 19

Thinking about one’s thoughts and feelings

Question 20

Which behaviour reflects the influence of the imaginary audience?

1) Confidence in expressing personal beliefs
2) Avoidance of public speaking due to fear of criticism
3) Complete disregard for peer opinions
4) Focus on personal academic achievements

Answer 20

Avoidance of public speaking due to fear of criticism