Intelligence Flashcards
Achievement
what someone has already learned (crystallised intelligence)
aptitude
the ability to learn (fluid intelligence)
adaptive testing
the range of items used or adapted to the performance of the individual
crystallised intelligence
It consists of acquired skills and knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge in specific situations
fluid intelligence
It is the power of reasoning and using information
g
general ability
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests
They try to predict someone’s performance in school and similar settings
mental age
It is the average age of children who perform as well as this child
multiple intelligences
Unrelated forms of intelligence
Consists of language, musical abilities, logical and mathematical reasoning, spatial reasoning, ability to recognize and classify objects, body movement skills, self-control and self-understanding, and sensitivity to other people’s social signals.
progressive matrices
It is the most widely used culture-reduced test
It attempts the measure abstract reasoning (fluid) without any use of language or reference to factual information
psychometric approach
It is the measurement of individual differences in performance
s
specific ability
Stanford-Binet IQ Test
It is an examination meant to gauge intelligence through five factors of cognitive ability.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V)
It is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents.
what is the g factor?
People’s scores on almost any test of intelligent abilities correlate positively with scores on other tests. The overlap among tests is referred to as g, meaning the general factor in intelligence
What are the possible explanations for g?
Many psychologists believe the g factor corresponds to an ability that underlies all kinds of intelligence, such as mental speed or working memory. Another possibility is that different abilities correlate with one another because the same growth factors that promote any one of them also support the others.
What are hereditary and environment influences on intelligence?
hereditary: Studies of twins and adopted children suggest hereditary influences on individual differences in IQ performance, although no one gene has a major effect.
environment: Intellectual development depends on many aspects of the environment, including physical health in early childhood. Extensive interventions can help children’s intellectual development, if started early in life and continued for years.
Bias
It overstates or understates the true performance of one or more groups
Down Syndrome
Have a variety of physical and medical impairments as a result of having an extra copy of chromosome #21
Flynn effect
The tendency that generation by generation, people’s raw scores on IQ tests have gradually increased, and to keep up with this trend, test makers have had to make the tests harder
Norm
Descriptions of how frequently various scores occur
Reliability
it is the repeatability of its scores
standardisation
The process of evaluation the questions, establishing rules for administering a test, and interpreting the score
stereotype threat
People’s perceived risk of performing poorly and thereby supporting an unfavourable stereotype about their group
test-retest reliability
the correlation between scores on a first test and a retest
validity
It is defined as the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for the intended purposes
How do you measure a test’s validity?
To evaluate a test’s validity for a given purpose, researchers examine its content, the response processes people use while taking the test, the internal structure of the test, the scores’ relationship to other variables, and the consequences of using the test.
How so psychologists reduce or remove rest bias?
Bias means inaccuracy of measurement. Psychologists try to remove from a test any item that tends to be easy for one group of people to answer but difficult for another group. They also try to evaluate whether the test as a whole makes equally accurate predictions for all groups.
What is test anxiety and stereotype threat
Many Black students perform worse on tests after any reminder of the stereotype of Black students scoring poorly on such tests. Awareness of stereotypes also impairs performance of other groups. However, some simple procedures can weaken this threat.
