Intelligence

Question 1

Achievement

Answer 1

what someone has already learned (crystallised intelligence)

Question 2

aptitude

Answer 2

the ability to learn (fluid intelligence)

Question 3

adaptive testing

Answer 3

the range of items used or adapted to the performance of the individual

Question 4

crystallised intelligence

Answer 4

It consists of acquired skills and knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge in specific situations

Question 5

fluid intelligence

Answer 5

It is the power of reasoning and using information

Question 6

g

Answer 6

general ability

Question 7

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests

Answer 7

They try to predict someone’s performance in school and similar settings

Question 8

mental age

Answer 8

It is the average age of children who perform as well as this child

Question 9

multiple intelligences

Answer 9

Unrelated forms of intelligence
Consists of language, musical abilities, logical and mathematical reasoning, spatial reasoning, ability to recognize and classify objects, body movement skills, self-control and self-understanding, and sensitivity to other people’s social signals.

Question 10

progressive matrices

Answer 10

It is the most widely used culture-reduced test
It attempts the measure abstract reasoning (fluid) without any use of language or reference to factual information

Question 11

psychometric approach

Answer 11

It is the measurement of individual differences in performance

Question 12

s

Answer 12

specific ability

Question 13

Stanford-Binet IQ Test

Answer 13

It is an examination meant to gauge intelligence through five factors of cognitive ability.

Question 14

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V)

Answer 14

It is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents.

Question 15

what is the g factor?

Answer 15

People’s scores on almost any test of intelligent abilities correlate positively with scores on other tests. The overlap among tests is referred to as g, meaning the general factor in intelligence

Question 16

What are the possible explanations for g?

Answer 16

Many psychologists believe the g factor corresponds to an ability that underlies all kinds of intelligence, such as mental speed or working memory. Another possibility is that different abilities correlate with one another because the same growth factors that promote any one of them also support the others.

Question 17

What are hereditary and environment influences on intelligence?

Answer 17

hereditary: Studies of twins and adopted children suggest hereditary influences on individual differences in IQ performance, although no one gene has a major effect.
environment: Intellectual development depends on many aspects of the environment, including physical health in early childhood. Extensive interventions can help children’s intellectual development, if started early in life and continued for years.

Question 18

Bias

Answer 18

It overstates or understates the true performance of one or more groups

Question 19

Down Syndrome

Answer 19

Have a variety of physical and medical impairments as a result of having an extra copy of chromosome #21

Question 20

Flynn effect

Answer 20

The tendency that generation by generation, people’s raw scores on IQ tests have gradually increased, and to keep up with this trend, test makers have had to make the tests harder

Question 21

Norm

Answer 21

Descriptions of how frequently various scores occur

Question 22

Reliability

Answer 22

it is the repeatability of its scores

Question 23

standardisation

Answer 23

The process of evaluation the questions, establishing rules for administering a test, and interpreting the score

Question 24

stereotype threat

Answer 24

People’s perceived risk of performing poorly and thereby supporting an unfavourable stereotype about their group

Question 25

test-retest reliability

Answer 25

the correlation between scores on a first test and a retest

Question 26

validity

Answer 26

It is defined as the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for the intended purposes

Question 27

How do you measure a test’s validity?

Answer 27

To evaluate a test’s validity for a given purpose, researchers examine its content, the response processes people use while taking the test, the internal structure of the test, the scores’ relationship to other variables, and the consequences of using the test.

Question 28

How so psychologists reduce or remove rest bias?

Answer 28

Bias means inaccuracy of measurement. Psychologists try to remove from a test any item that tends to be easy for one group of people to answer but difficult for another group. They also try to evaluate whether the test as a whole makes equally accurate predictions for all groups.

Question 29

What is test anxiety and stereotype threat

Answer 29

Many Black students perform worse on tests after any reminder of the stereotype of Black students scoring poorly on such tests. Awareness of stereotypes also impairs performance of other groups. However, some simple procedures can weaken this threat.