Intellectual impairment Flashcards
What is the MENCAP definition of Learning disability?
- Reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities which affects someone for their whole life
- E.g. household tasks, socialising or managing money
What 3 areas doe DSM define Intellectual disability as?
- Social skills
- Conceptual skills
- Practical skills
What IQ does WHO classify severity of intellectual disability?
Mild - IQ range 50-69
Moderate - IQ 35-49
Severe - IQ 20-34
Profound - IQ under 20
What two areas are affected with intellectual disability?
- Intellectual functioning e.g. learning and judgment
- Adaptive functioning e.g. activities of daily life like communication
What percentage of the population are Intellectual disability?
- 1% of pop
- Of those 85% have mild intellectual disability
- Makes more likely than females
What labels would you use to describe learning disability?
- Person with an intellectual impairment
- Person with a learning disability
- Person with a learning difficulty
Person/ people first
What is impairment? *Exam
- In context of health experience Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
- Impairment considered to occur at level of organ or system function
What is disability?
- In the context of health experience a disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in manner or within range considered normal for a human being
What does WHO classify activity limitation as?
- Difficulty encountered by individual in executing task or action
What does WHO classify participation restriction as?
- a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations
What are the causes of Learning disability?
- Preconception (Parental genotype, maternal health)
- Pre-natal (Chromosomal genetic, infection)
- Perinatal (Prematurity injury)
- Postnatal (Untreated genetic disorders, infection, trauma)
What are some syndromes associated with learning disability?
- Downs Syndrome
- Prader Willi Syndrome
- Angelman Syndrome
- Autism Spectrum Syndrome
What is Down’s syndrome?
- Most common due to full trisomy of chromosome 21 (95%)
What is the greatest risk factor for DS?
- Advanced maternal age
- Women over age of 35 and continues to increase
What other medical features are present with Down’s syndrome?
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Alzheimer’s Dementia
- Epilepsy
- Leukaemia
- Hearing impairment
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Ceoliac Disease
- Thyroid Disease
- Intellectual Impairment
Why are people with Down’s syndrome more likely to get periodontal disease?
- Oral hygiene reduced
- Oral function reduced
- Impaired migration of gingival fibroblasts
- Periodontal pathogens
- Saliva
- Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis
- Unregulated production of inflammatory mediators
What are some presentations of Prader Willi?
- Chromosome 15
- 1 in 15,000 affected
- Desire to eat food all the time
- Resticted growth leading to short stature
- Reduced muscle tone (hypotonia)
- Learning difficulty (but may have lack of normal IQ)
- Lack of sexual development
- Behavioural problems like tantruma
What is ASD/ASC?
- Complex developmental condition, behaviourally defined, that includes a range of possible developmental impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and also a stereotyped, repetitive or limited behavioural repertoire.
- Sensory differences may also presenting feature
- Very common
ASD/ASC and dentistry?
- Sensory atypia is barrier to treatment
- Many hypersensitive to multitude of stimulus
- Toothbrushing and prevention has multiple sensory triggers